| Format : | Purified |
| Amount : | 100 µg |
| Isotype : | Mouse IgG2b Kappa |
| Purification : | Protein G Chromatography |
| Content : | 25 µg in 50 µl/100 µg in 200 µl PBS containing 0.05% BSA and 0.05% sodium azide. Sodium azide is highly toxic. |
| Storage condition : | Store the antibody at 4°C; stable for 6 months. For long-term storage; store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles. |
| Gene : | GP |
| Gene ID : | 3160774 |
| Uniprot ID : | Q7T9D9 |
| Alternative Name : | GP |
| Immunogen Information : | A partial Length recombinant GP I protein of Sudan Ebola virus was used as an immunogen for this antibody. |
The Sudan ebola virus (SUDV) glycoprotein (GP) is an envelope glycoprotein that is present on the virion surface and is involved in receptor binding and mediating viral entry. It is composed of a trimer of heterodimers (GP1/GP2), where GP1 and GP2 remain covalently linked by a disulfide bond9, and the resulting GP1-GP2 pair trimerizes to form a ~450 kDa envelope spike on the viral surface. GP is synthesized as a single polypeptide of 676 amino acids in length that is post-translationally cleaved by furin to yield two subunits, GP1 and GP2. The GP1 subunit contains two heavily glycosylated domains, the glycan cap and the mucin-like domain (MLD). The glycan cap contains only N-linked glycans, whereas the MLD contains both N- and O-linked glycans. All 15 N-glycosylation sites of GP1 could be removed without compromising the expression of GP. In the endosome, a flexible loop containing GP1 residues 190 213 is cleaved by host cathepsins. This cleavage releases the glycan cap and mucin-like domains from GP1. The GP1 subunit is responsible for receptor binding and attachment to new host cells.
Western blot analysis: 0.5-1 µg/ml
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic/therapeutics procedures.
| Subcellular location: | Secreted |
| Post transnational modification: | Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The precursor is processed into GP1 and GP2 by host cell furin in the trans Golgi, and maybe by other host proteases, to yield the mature GP1 and GP2 proteins. The cleavage site corresponds to the furin optimal cleavage sequence [KR]-X-[KR]-R. This cleavage does not seem to be required for function. After the internalization of the virus into cell endosomes, GP1 C-terminus is removed by the endosomal proteases cathepsin B, cathepsin L, or both, leaving a 19-kDa N-terminal fragment which is further digested by cathepsin B. Proteolytic processing of GP1,2 by host ADAM17 can remove the transmembrane anchor of GP2 and leads to shedding of complexes consisting in GP1 and truncated GP2 (GP1,2delta) (By similarity). |
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1)提供基本营养物质：氨基酸、维生素、无机物、脂类物质、核酸衍生物等，是细胞生长必须的物质。
2)提供结合蛋白：结合蛋白作用是携带重要地低分子量物质，如白蛋白携带维生素、脂肪、以及激素等，转铁蛋白携带铁。结合蛋白在细胞代谢过程中起重要作用。
3)提供激素和各种生长因子：胰岛素、肾上腺皮质激素(氢化可的松、地塞米松)、类固醇激素(雌二醇、睾酮、孕酮)等。生长因子如成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子、血小板生长因子等。
4)对培养中的细胞起到某些保护作用：有一些细胞，如内皮细胞、骨髓样细胞可以释放蛋白酶，血清中含有抗蛋白酶成分，起到中和作用。这种作用是偶然发现的，现在则有目的的使用血清来终止胰蛋白酶的消化作用。因为胰蛋白酶已经被广泛用于贴壁细胞的消化传代。血清蛋白形成了血清的粘度，可以保护细胞免受机械损伤，特别是在悬浮培养搅拌时，粘度起到重要作用。血清还含有一些微量元素和离子，他们在代谢解毒中起重要作用，如SeO3,硒等
5)提供促接触和伸展因子使细胞贴壁免受机械损伤。
6)血清中有抗体，这是被称作免疫球蛋白的蛋白质，血清可以抗病毒,增强抵抗力血清属于生物制剂。
谁的答案详细、真实分就给谁...(勿灌水，否则必究之)
Nutrients.2017May10;9(5).
ClinicalSignificanceandPrognosticEffectofSerum25-hydroxyvitaminDConcentrationsinCriticalandSevereHand,FootandMouthDisease.
手足口病危重儿血清25-羟维生素D浓度的临床意义与预后影响
作者党红星，刘成军，李静，程时骄，许峰
摘要
Abstract
目的：探讨血清25羟维生素D[25（OH)D]浓度与手足口病危重症的关系及评估手足口病危重儿血清25-羟维生素D浓度的临床意义与预后影响。
OBJECTIVE:
Toexaminetheassociationofserum25-hydroxyvitaminD[25(OH)D]concentrationswithcriticalandseverehand,footandmouthdisease(HFMD)andassesstheclinicalsignificanceandprognosticeffectof25(OH)DconcentrationsinchildrenwithHFMD.
方法：本研究为前瞻性观察研究。
METHODS:
ThisisaProspectiveobservationalstudy.
将138例手足口病患儿分为普通组（49例）、重症组（52例）和危重组（37例）。另选取同期门诊体检的59例健康儿童作为对照组。
The138childrenwithHFMDweredividedintocommon(49cases),severe(52cases),andcritical(37cases)HFMDgroups.Another59healthychildrenundergoingoutpatientmedicalexaminationsduringthesameperiodwerechosenasthecontrolgroup.
测定所有对象的血清25（OH）D浓度，每组再分为血清25（OH）D正常组（≥30ng/mL）；不足组（20-29.9ng/mL）；缺乏组（低于20ng/mL）。
Serum25(OH)Dconcentrationsweremeasuredinallthesubjects,andeachgroupwassuBDividedbyserum25(OH)Dconcentrationinto25(OH)Dnormal(≥30ng/mL);insufficiency(20-29.9ng/mL),anddeficiency(<20ng/mL)groups.
手足口病危急重症组在入住儿科ICU（PICU）时记录小儿危重病例评分（PCIS）。
Thepediatriccriticalillnessscore(PCIS)wasrecordedforthecriticalandsevereHFMDgroupuponadmissiontothepediatricintensivecareunit(PICU).
监测小儿危重手足口病患者血乳酸（LAC）、血清钙离子（Ca2+）、D-二聚体（DD）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平；脑干脑炎、神经源性肺水肿、循环衰竭的发生情况；14天病死率。
ChildrenwithcriticalandsevereHFMDwerealsomonitoredforbloodlactate(LAC),serumcalciumions(Ca++),D-dimer(DD),lactatedehydrogenase(LDH),andcreatinekinase-MB(CK-MB)levels;theincidencesofbrainstemencephalitis,neurogenicpulmonaryedema,andcirculatoryfailure;andthe14-daymortalityrate.
结果：
RESULTS：
各组血清25（OH）D浓度普遍较低。
Serum25(OH)Dconcentrationsweregenerallylowinallgroups.
与对照组（28.1±6.6ng/mL,8%）、普通组（29.5±8.1ng/mL,10%）和重症组（31.9±9.7ng/mL,8%）相比，危重组患者血清25（OH）D平均浓度（20.0±8.4ng/mL）明显较低，血清25（OH）D缺乏比例（18％）明显较高(P＜0.05）。
ThecriticalHFMDgroupshowedasignificantlylowerserum25(OH)Dmeanconcentration(20.0±8.4ng/mL)andahigherproportionofdeficiency(18%)comparedwiththecontrolgroup(28.1±6.6ng/mL,8%),common(29.5±8.1ng/mL,10%)andsevere(31.9±9.7ng/mL,8%)HFMDgroups(p<0.05).
在危重组中，25（OH）D缺乏组比25（OH）D正常组及不足组具有更低的PCIS值（P＜0.05）；而比后两组具有更高LAC、LDH、CK-MB和DD；具有（更高的）脑干脑炎、神经源性肺水肿、循环衰竭发生率及病死率（P＜0.05）。
InthecriticalandsevereHFMDgroups,the25(OH)DdeficiencygrouphadlowerPCISsthanthe25(OH)Dnormalandinsufficiencygroups(p<0.05);andhadhighervaluesthanthelattertwogroupsforLAC,LDH,CK-MBandDD;andtheincidencesofbrainstemencephalitis,neurogenicpulmonaryedema,circulatoryfailure,andmortality(p<0.05).
死亡组较存活组具有显著降低的血清25（OH）D浓度和PCIS（P＜0.05），具有较高的LAC、LDH、CK-MB和DD水平；较高的脑干脑炎、神经源性肺水肿、循环衰竭发病率（P＜0.05）。
Thedeathgroupshowedsignificantlylowerserum25(OH)DconcentrationsandPCISsthanthesurvivalgroup(p<0.05)andhadhigherLAC,LDH,CK-MBandDDlevelsandhigherincidencesofbrainstemencephalitis,neurogenicpulmonaryedema,andcirculatoryfailure(p<0.05).
Logistic回归分析显示，血清25（OH）D浓度是影响重症手足口病患儿病死率的独立因素。
Logisticregressionanalysisrevealedthattheserum25(OH)DconcentrationwasanindependentfactorthatinfluencedmortalityinchildrenwithcriticalandsevereHFMD.
CONCLUSIONS:
结论：
在这项研究中，我们发现，血清25（OH）D浓度在手足口病危重患儿中大幅降低，并与手足口病的严重程度相关。
Inthisstudy,wefindtheserum25(OH)DconcentrationsaresubstantiallyreducedinchildrenwithcriticalandsevereHFMDandareassociatedwiththeseverityofHFMD.
血清25（OH）D浓度对判断重症手足口病进展和预测死亡风险具有临床价值。
Theserum25(OH)DconcentrationsmayhaveclinicalvaluefordeterminingtheprogressionofcriticalHFMDandpredictingtheriskofdeath.
在确定25（OH）D浓度在手足口病诊断的临床价值之前，仍需进一步的证据。
Furtherevidenceisneededbeforeitcanbestatedthat25(OH)DconcentrationshaveclinicalvalueinHMFDdiagnosis.
关键词：
KEYWORDS:
25-hydroxyvitaminD;criticalillness;footandmouthdisease;hand
25羟维生素D；危重病；手足口病
血浆是由抗凝的血液中分离出来的液体,其中含有纤维蛋白原,若向血浆中加入Ca2+,血浆会发生再凝固,因此血浆中不含游离的Ca2+.血清是由凝固的血中分离出来的液体,其中已无纤维蛋白原,但含有游离的Ca2+,若向其中再加入Ca2+,血清也不会再凝固.此外,血浆与血清的另一个区别是：血清中少了很多的凝血因子,以及多了很多的凝血产物.
