
Product Description
C3/FB-Depleted Serum is normal humanserum in which C3 and factor B(fB) have been removed by immunoaffinity chromatography.The product istested for the absence of C3 and factor B activity by testing classical and alternative pathway function and for the absence of C3 andfactorB proteins by double immunodiffusion. The C3/FB-depleted serumis certified to exhibitless than 5% classical pathway and alternativepathway activities. A functionalclassical pathway can be reconstitutedby addition of purified C3 protein (1.3mg/mL) whereas a functionalalternative pathway can be reconstituted byaddition of purified C3protein (1.3 mg/mL) and factor B protein (0.2 mg/mL)indicating thatall other complement components necessary for classical andalternativepathway activation are present. After reconstitution with C3 (1.3mgC3/mL) the C3/FB-Depleted Serum is certified to possess a functional classical pathway for complement activation whereas after reconstitutionwithC3 (1.3 mg C3/mL) and factor B (0.2 mg/mL), the product iscertified to possessa functional alternative pathway for complementactivation (Morgan, B.P.(2000); Dodds, A.W. and Sim, R.B. (1997)).Although a functional lectin pathwayshould also be reconstituted bythe addition of similar concentrations of C3,the function of thispathway is not tested.
Note that there is a weak C3by-passmechanism whereby the convertase C4b,C2a is able to activate C5(Rawal, N.& Pangburn, M.K. 2003) and form C5b-9 complexes capableof causing lowgrade lysis. This system of C5 activation is functionalin both the classicaland the lectin pathways and is approximately1000-fold less active than in thepresence of C3.
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磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK),主要存在于骨骼肌和心肌,在脑组织中也存在,是参与体内的能量代谢的一种酶。在临床上主要用于诊断心肌梗塞。心肌梗塞患者发病后2-4小时,血液中此酶活动即开始升高。比血清中谷草转酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶的活力变化都出现得早。
临床意义:
(1)心肌梗塞后,CPK较谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶特异性高,但持续时间短,2-4天恢复正常。
(2)病毒性心肌炎,CPK也可升高,对诊断及预后有参考价值。
(3)进行性肌营养不良、多发性肌炎以及肌肉损伤时CPK也可升高。
(4)严重的心绞痛、心包炎、房颤、脑血管意外、脑膜炎以及心脏手术等,CPK可见升高。
A9 B12 C17 D36
正确答案C
一次氧化的产物不是乙酰COA么,那么产生的ATP为什么不是十个
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Exercisedampensaromataseinhibitor–relatedjointpain
http://www.internalmedicinenews.com/specialty-focus/oncology-hematology/single-article-page/exercise-dampens-aromatase-inhibitor-related-joint-pain/33383ff19a0cd42399a7cf8590708ebf.html
SANANTONIO–Adoptingastandardexerciseprogramresultedinaclinicallymeaningful30%reductioninaromataseinhibitor-associatedjointpaininbreastcancerpatientswhoparticipatedinayear-longrandomizedtrial.
TheexerciseprescriptionutilizedintheHOPE(HormonesandPhysicalExercise)trialwaswhat’srecommendedinnationalguidelinesbothforcancersurvivorsandhealthyadults:150minutesperweekofatleastmoderate-intensityaerobicactivity,suchasbriskwalking,alongwithtwostrength-trainingsessionsperweek,MelindaL.Irwin,Ph.D.,explainedattheSanAntonioBreastCancerSymposium.
TheHOPEstudiesenrolled121postmenopausalwomenwhohadstage1-3,hormonereceptor–positivebreastcancersandwerephysicallyinactiveandoverweightyetphysicallyabletoexercise.Atenrollment,theywereexperiencingmoderatearomataseinhibitor(AI)–associatedjointpain,definedasascoreof5-7onthe0-10BriefPainInventory(BPI),afterabout18monthsonthemedication.Roughlytwo-thirdsofparticipantshadnohistoryofjointpainpriortostartingAItherapy;therestreportedtheAIexacerbatedtheirpreexistingjointpain.Subjectswererandomizedtotheexerciseprogramortousualcare,whichincludedwritteninformationabouttheimportanceofexercise.
Theprimarystudyendpointwasthe12-monthchangeinBPIworstpainscore,whichdroppedbyanaverageof30%amongtheexercisegroup.Thistranslatedtoanimprovementinpainlevelfrommoderateatbaselinetomildatfollow-up.Inaddition,BPIscoresratingpainseverityandpaininterferenceimprovedbyabout20%.Incontrast,patientsintheusualcarecontrolgroupexperiencedaslightincreaseinBPIscoresinallthreedomainsovertime,addedDr.Irwin,co-leaderofthecancerpreventionandcontrolresearchprogramatYaleUniversityCancerCenter,NewHaven,Conn.
TheHOPEresultsreceivedanenthusiasticaudiencereception.Physicianswereparticularlyimpressedwiththe70%exerciseadherencerateoverthecourseofayear.Theyaskedhowtheycankeeptheirpreviouslysedentarypatients’commitmenttoregularexercisefromwaningafteraninitialburstofenthusiasm,assooftenhappens.
Dr.Irwinrepliedthatadherencetolifestylechangeisalwaysachallenge.Socialsupportisquitehelpful.TheexercisegroupinHOPEreceivedapaidgymmembershipandmetinsmallgroupswithapersonaltrainertwiceweekly.
"Thewomenreallybondedwitheachother.Andtherearenowagrowingnumberoffreeprogramsthroughoutthecountry,whichgivecancersurvivorsastartonanexerciseprogramwithafreegymmembershipforseveralmonths.Forexample,theLivestrongFoundationhaspartneredwiththeYMCAtoofferfreeexerciseprogramsforcancersurvivorsatlocalYs,"shesaid.
TheHOPEtrialwasfundedbytheNationalCancerInstitute.Dr.Irwinreportedhavingnofinancialconflictsofinterest.
Thisdegreeofimprovementinjointpainisgreaterthanreportedinstudiesofglucosamine,acupuncture,orvitaminDsupplementation,shenoted.
Theimprovementinpainscoresintheexercisegroupwasgreaterat12monthsthanat3or6,suggestingthatayear-longexerciseprogramisprobablynecessarytoseesustainedreductioninjointpain.
At12monthsoffollow-up,womenintheexercisegroupaveraged159minutesofphysicalactivityperweek,110minutesmorethancontrols.Compliancewiththesupervisedexerciseprogramwasnotablygood,withwomenattendinganaverageof70%ofthetwice-weeklysmall-groupstrength-trainingsessions.
InadditiontotheimprovementinAI-relatedarthralgias,theexercisegroupexperiencedancillarybenefits:amean6.5%improvementinpeakoxygenconsumption,orVO2max,comparedwithbaseline,alongwitha3%reductioninbodyweight.
HOPEwasthefirstrandomizedtrialtoexaminetheeffectsofexerciseonAIsideeffectsinbreastcancerpatients.TheimpetusforthestudywastherecognitionthatarthralgiasarethemostcommonreasonforpooradherencetoanddiscontinuationofAItherapy.Upto20%ofbreastcancerpatientsdiscontinuetheirAIwithinthefirstyear.Andbothearlydiscontinuationandpooradherencehavebeenshowntobepredictiveofincreasedmortalityrisk.
如果能分解,那小肠液中的消化酶如何大量共存,如果不能
那它如何识别其他蛋白质物质是不是消化酶?

