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Novus/Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed) Protein/1000 ug/7754-BH-01M
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RecombinantHumanTGF-beta1(HumanCell-expressed)ProteinSummary

DetailsofFunctionality
MeasuredbyitsABIlitytoinhibittheIL-4-dependentproliferationofHT‑2mouseT cells.Tsang, M.et al.(1995)Cytokine7:389.TheED50forthiseffectis0.04-0.2ng/mL.
Source
Humanembryonickidneycell,HEK293-derivedhumanTGF-beta1proteinAla279-Ser390
Accession#
P01137
N-terminalSequence
Ala279
Structure/Form
Disulfide-linkedhomodimer
Protein/PeptideType
RecombinantProteins
Gene
TGFB1
Purity
>95%,bySDS-PAGEunderreducingconditionsandvisualizedbysilverstain.
EndotoxinNote
<0.01 eu="" per="" 1="" μg="" of="" the="" protein="" by="" the="" lal="">

Applications/Dilutions

TheoreticalMW
12.8kDa(monomer).Disclaimernote:Theobservedmolecularweightoftheproteinmayvaryfromthelistedpredictedmolecularweightduetoposttranslationalmodifications,posttranslationcleavages,relativecharges,andotherexperimentalfactors.
SDS-PAGE
11kDa,reducingconditions
Publications
ReadPublicationsusing7754-BHinthefollowingapplications:
  • Bioassay
    4publications

Packaging,Storage&Formulations

Storage
Useamanualdefrostfreezerandavoidrepeatedfreeze-thawcycles.
  • 12monthsfromdateofreceipt,-20to-70°Cassupplied.
  • 1month,2to8°Cundersterileconditionsafterreconstitution.
  • 3months,-20to-70°Cundersterileconditionsafterreconstitution.
Buffer
Lyophilizedfroma0.2μmfilteredsolutioninAcetonitrileandTFAwithBSAasacarrierprotein.*1mgpacksize(01M)issuppliedasa0.2µmfilteredsolutioninAcetonitrileandTFAwithBSAasacarrierprotein.
Purity
>95%,bySDS-PAGEunderreducingconditionsandvisualizedbysilverstain.
ReconstitutionInstructions
Reconstituteat100μg/mLinsterile4mMHClcontainingatleast0.1%humanorbovineserumalbumin.

Notes

ThisproductisproducedbyandshipsfromR&DSystems,Inc.,aBio-Technebrand.

AlternateNamesforRecombinantHumanTGF-beta1(HumanCell-expressed)Protein

  • CEDLAP
  • DPD1
  • latency-associatedpeptide
  • TGFbeta1
  • TGFB
  • TGFB1
  • TGF-beta1protein
  • TGFbeta1
  • TGF-beta1
  • TGFbeta
  • TGF-beta-1
  • transforminggrowthfactorbeta-1
  • transforminggrowthfactor,beta1

Background

TGF‑beta1(transforminggrowthfactorbeta1)isoneofthreecloselyrelatedmammalianmembersofthelargeTGF‑betasuperfamilythatshareacharacteristiccystineknotstructure(1‑7).TGF‑beta1,‑2and‑3arehighlypleiotropiccytokinesthatareproposedtoactascellularswitchesthatregulateprocessessuchasimmunefunction,proliferationandepithelial‑mesenchymaltransition(1‑4).EachTGF‑betaisoformhassomenon‑redundantfunctions;forTGF‑beta1,micewithtargeteddeletionshowdefectsinhematopoiesisandendothelialdifferentiation,anddieofoverwhelminginflammation(2).HumanTGF‑beta1CDNAencodesa390aminoacid(aa)precursorthatcontainsa29aasignalpeptideanda361aaproprotein(8).Afurin-likeconvertaseprocessestheproproteintogenerateanN‑terminal249aalatency‑associatedpeptide(LAP)andaC‑terminal112aamatureTGF‑beta1(8,9).Disulfide-linkedhomodimersofLAPandTGF‑beta1remainnon‑covalentlyassociatedaftersecretion,formingthesmalllatentTGF‑beta1complex(8‑10).CovalentlinkageofLAPtooneofthreelatentTGF‑betabindingproteins(LTBPs)createsalargelatentcomplexthatmayinteractwiththeextracellularmatrix(9,10).TGF‑betaisactivatedfromlatencybypathwaysthatincludeactionsoftheproteaseplasmin,matrixmetalloproteases,thrombospondin1andasubsetofintegrins(10).MaturehumanTGF‑beta1shares100%aaidentitywithpig,dogandcowTGF‑beta1,and99%aaidentitywithmouse,ratandhorseTGF‑beta1.Itdemonstratescross‑speciesactivity(1).TGF‑beta1signalingbeginswithhigh‑affinitybindingtoatypeIIser/thrkinasereceptortermedTGF‑betaRII.Thisreceptorthenphosphorylatesandactivatesasecondser/thrkinasereceptor,TGF‑betaRI(alsocalledactivinreceptor‑likekinase(ALK)‑5),oralternatively,ALK‑1.ThiscomplexphosphorylatesandactivatesSmadproteinsthatregulatetranscription(3,11,12).Contributionsoftheaccessoryreceptorsbetaglycan(alsoknownasTGF‑betaRIII)andendoglin,oruseofSmad-independentsignalingpathways,allowfordisparateactionsobservedinresponsetoTGF‑betaindifferentcontexts(11).
  1. Derynck,R.andK.Miyazono(2008)ColdSpringHarborLaboratoryPressp.29.
  2. Dunker,N.andK.Krieglstein(2000)Eur.J.Biochem.267:6982.
  3. Wahl,S.M.(2006)Immunol.Rev.213:213.
  4. Chang,H.etal.(2002)Endocr.Rev.23:787.
  5. Lin,J.S.etal.(2006)Reproduction132:179.
  6. Hinck,A.P.etal.(1996)Biochemistry35:8517.
  7. Mittl,P.R.E.etal.(1996)ProteinSci.5:1261.
  8. Derynck,R.etal.(1985)Nature316:701.
  9. Miyazono,K.etal.(1988)J.Biol.Chem.263:6407.
  10. Oklu,R.andR.Hesketh(2000)Biochem.J.352:601.
  11. deCaestecker,M.etal.(2004)CytokineGrowthFactorRev.15:1.
  12. Zuniga,J.E.etal.(2005)J.Mol.Biol.354:1052.

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RT,有人添加b27,有人不加,这是为什么?应该以什么为标准呢?


EGF用0.1%BSA稀释后加入培养液是否违法无血清的原则?

所谓细胞因子是指由免疫细胞(单核细胞、T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞等)和某些非免疫细胞(如血管内皮细胞、表皮细胞、纤维母细胞)等经刺激而合成、分泌的一类具有多种生物学活性多肽或蛋白质。这些细胞因子分为几个大的家族,临床上常用的可以用于肿瘤治疗领域的有白细胞介素类(IL)、干扰素(IFN)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、造血因子和各种细胞生长因子等。从治疗目的讲,这些细胞因子可以用于血液肿瘤如白血病、淋巴瘤的治疗以及一些实体肿瘤的治疗,如恶性黑色素瘤、肾癌等。从辅助治疗角度来讲,这些细胞因子可以用于治疗由于化疗、放疗而造成的一些不良反应、并发症的治疗。例如,患者在接受化疗时往往会造成造血抑制,通过应用一些造血刺激因子可以加速患者的造血功能恢复,尽快脱离危险并进入下一周期的治疗
论文发表在《自然·医学》杂志上。研究人员在论文中表示,对需要干细胞移植的患者而言,脐带血是普遍的造血干细胞来源,但脐带血中的干细胞数量通常比较有限,因此开发出能快速促进脐带血干细胞生长的方法就尤为重要。

研究人员将多效生长因子注入骨髓生长因受到辐射而被抑制的实验鼠体内,后者的骨髓干细胞生长速度与未注射多效生长因子的实验鼠相比提高了10倍。在实验室培养皿中,多效生长因子还被确认可促进人类脐带血干细胞的生长。研究人员还证实,多效生长因子不会导致实验鼠出现癌变。

研究人员说,这项成果将来有望使更广泛的人群受益于脐带血移植,更重要的是,对正在接受化疗或放疗的患者而言,利用多效生长因子进行的治疗或许具有加速患者血液和免疫系统恢复的潜力。

【原文见附件】

ellsNatureMedicineNaturePublishingGroup.pdf(1020.57k)
本文发表于2011年1月27日《Nature》,来自于MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine(纽约)的CristinaAlberini实验室。

CristinaAlberini教授的个人主页:http://www.mountsinai.org/profiles/cristina-alberini




全文下载:

nature09667.pdf(558.65k)

结肠炎是一种影响肠道的严重疾病。对结肠炎病人而言,免疫系统抵抗人体自身的肠道细菌,从而导致炎症产生。为了抵抗这种炎症,科学家们已着重关注一种被称作IL-10的化学信号分子。IL-10是一种抗炎性细胞因子。尽管已知IL-10在控制炎症和阻止肠炎中发挥着至关重要的作用,但是仍不清楚的是,它是如何做到这一点的。

在一项新的研究中,来自美国耶鲁大学医学院和哈佛医学院的研究人员以缺乏这种IL-10信号的小鼠和病人为实验对象,研究了这种炎性反应。他们发现IL-10的作用机制是阻断巨噬细胞(作为这种炎性反应的一部分)的代谢。具体而言,他们发现IL-10抑制脂多糖诱导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解,促进氧化磷酸化。再者,他们还证实IL-10通过诱导一种被称作DDIT4的mTOR抑制剂产生来抑制mTOR活性。相关研究结果发表在2017年5月5日的Science期刊上,论文标题为“Anti-inflammatoryeffectofIL-10mediatedbymetabolicreprogrammingofmacrophages”。论文通信作者为耶鲁大学医学院免疫学系研究员RuslanMedzhitov。

这些研究人员也注意到IL-10通过促进线粒体自噬(mitophagy)来清除受损的线粒体。这种细胞损伤的堆积会促进炎症产生。线粒体是细胞内的能量工厂。受损线粒体的特征是较低的膜电势和高水平的活性氧。在结肠炎模式小鼠和炎症性肠病患者体内,当IL-10信号缺乏时,巨噬细胞内堆积着受损的线粒体,这会导致NLRP3炎性体异常激活和IL-1β产生。

这些发现加深了对炎症中的一种关键过程的理解,而且可能导致人们开发出靶向结肠炎中的这个通路的疗法。它也可能在阻止或治疗因细胞损伤导致的经常是在衰老时发生的退行性疾病中发挥着重要作用。

原始出处:

W.K.EddieIp,NamikoHoshi,DrorS.Shouvaletal.Anti-inflammatoryeffectofIL-10mediatedbymetabolicreprogrammingofmacrophages.Science,05May2017,356(6337):513-519,doi:10.1126/science.aal3535

AAgnieszkaM.Kabat,EdwardJ.Pearce.Inflammationbywayofmacrophagemetabolism.Science,05May2017,356(6337):488-489,doi:10.1126/science.aan2691

细胞因子的作用特点123
夏忻赣鬃22017-10-03
众多的细胞因子有以下共同的作用特点。
(1)绝大多数细胞因子为分子量小于25kDa的糖蛋白,分子量低者如IL-8仅8kDa。多数细胞因子以单体形式存在,少数细胞因子如IL-5、IL-12、M-CSF和TGF-β等以双体形式发挥生物学作用。大多数编码细胞因子的基因为单拷贝基因(IFN-α除外),并由4-5个外显子和3-4个内含子组成。
(2)主要与调节机体的免疫应答、造血功能和炎症反应有关。
(3)通常以旁分泌(paracrine)或自分泌(autocrine)形式作用于附近细胞或细胞因子产生细胞本身。在生理状态下,绝大多数细胞因子只有产生的局部起作用。
(4)高效能作用,一般在pM(10-12M)水平即有明显的生物学作用。
(5)存在于细胞表面的相应高亲和性受体数量不多,在10-10000/每个细胞。细胞因子受体的研究进展相当迅速,根据细胞因子受体基因DNA序列以及受体胞膜外区氨基酸序列、同源性和结构,可分为四个类型:免疫球蛋白超家族、造血因子受体超家族、神经生长因子受体超家族和趋化因子受体。
(6)多种细胞产生,一种IL可由许多种不同的细胞在不同条件下产生,如IL-1除单核细胞、巨噬细胞或巨噬细胞系产生外,B细胞、NK细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、表皮细胞等在某些条件下均可合成和分泌IL-1。
(7)多重的调节作用(multipleregulatoryaction),细胞因子不同的调节作用与其本身浓度、作用靶细胞的类型以及同时存在的其它细胞因子种类有关。有时动物种属不一,相同的细胞因子的生物学作用可有较大的差异,如人IL-5主要作用于嗜酸性粒细胞,而鼠IL-5还可作用于B细胞。
(8)重叠的免疫调节作用(overlappingregulatoryaction),如IL-2、IL-4、IL-9和IL-12都能维持和促进T淋巴细胞的增殖。
(9)以网络形式发挥作用,细胞因子的网络作用主要是通过以下三种方式:(1)一种细胞因子诱导或抑制另一种细胞因子的产生,如IL-1和TGF-β分别促进或抑制T细胞IL-2的产生;(2)调节同一种细胞因子受体的表达,如高剂量IL-2可诱导NK细胞表达高亲和力IL-2受体;(3)诱导或抑制其它细胞因子受体的表达,如TGF-β可降低T细胞IL-2受体的数量,而IL-6和IFN-γ可促进T细胞IL-2受体的表达。
(10)与激素、神经肽、神经递质共同组成了细胞间信号分子系统。
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人类发现的第一个细胞因子是干扰素。
干扰素(Interferon,IFN),是由英国科学家Isaacs于1957年利用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜研究流感病毒干扰现象时首先发现的,是一种细胞因子,具有抑制细胞分裂、调节免疫、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等多种作用。其本质是蛋白质,类型可分为α、β、γ、ω等几种。IFN能诱导细胞对病毒感染产生抗性,它通过干扰病毒基因转录或病毒蛋白组分的翻译,从而阻止或限制病毒感染,是目前最主要的抗病毒感染和抗肿瘤生物制品。
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本人在做与牙周炎相关的临床试验,采集了龈沟液,想用ELISA检测其中IL-β和TNF-α的浓度,但不知道买哪家公司的试剂盒,请问有经验的高手有没有推荐的????国产和进口差别大吗??如果样本不足20个,购买48孔板够用吗???情况紧急,坐等大家回复!谢谢!

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