Recombinant Human SUMO2 Mutant K11R Protein, CF Summary
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins.Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration.The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard.In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
ULM-752
| Formulation | Supplied as a solution in HEPES, NaCl, DTT and Glycerol. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: SUMO2
Human Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 2 (SUMO2), also known as Sentrin2 and SMT3B is synthesized as a 95 amino acid (aa), propeptide with a predicted 11 kDa. SUMO2 contains a two aa C-terminal prosegment and an 18 aa N-terminal protein interacting region between aa 33-50. Human SUMO2 shares 100% aa sequence identity with mouse SUMO2. SUMO2 also has very high aa sequence identity with SUMO3 and SUMO4, 86% and 85%, respectively. SUMO2 shares only 44% aa sequence identity with SUMO1. SUMOs are a family of small, related proteins that can be enzymatically attached to a target protein by a post-translational modification process termed SUMOylation (1-3). All SUMO proteins share a conserved Ubiquitin domain and a C-terminal diglycine cleavage/attachment site. Following prosegment cleavage, the C-terminal glycine residue of SUMO2 is enzymatically attached to a lysine residue on a target protein. In humans, SUMO2 is conjugated to a variety of molecules in the presence of the SAE1/UBA2 SUMO-activating (E1) enzyme and the UBE2I/Ubc9 SUMO-conjugating (E2) enzyme (4,5). In yeast, the SUMO-activating (E1) enzyme is Aos1/Uba2p (6). Because of the high level of aa sequence identity most studies report effects of SUMO2/3. For example, post-translational addition of SUMO2/3 was shown to modulate the function of ARHGAP21, a RhoGAP protein known to be involved in cell migration (7). Other reports indicate that the SUMOylation with SUMO2/3, but not SUMO1, may represent an important mechanism to protect neurons during episodes of cerebral ischemia (8,9). However, studies suggest that SUMO2/3 expression is regulated in an isoform-specific manner since oxidative stress downregulated the transcription of SUMO3 but not SUMO2 (10).
Mutation of lysine 11 to arginine renders SUMO2 unable to form poly-SUMO multimers and is useful to investigate mono-SUMOylation or can be used to reduce poly-SUMO chain formation. Human SUMO2 contains the VK11TE sequence which allows for the formation of poly-SUMO chains. K11 is the conserved lysine that becomes modified and is the point of attachment for the C-terminal glycine of the preceding SUMO2. The function of SUMO chains has not yet been fully elucidated.
- Desterro, J.M. et al. (1997) FEBS. Lett. 417:297.
- Bettermann, K. et al. (2012) Cancer Lett. 316:113.
- Praefcke, G.J. et al. (2012) Trends Biochem. Sci. 37:23.
- Okuma, T. et al. (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254:693.
- Tatham, M.H. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:35368.
- Johnson, E.S. et al. (1997) EMBO J. 16:5509.
- Bigarella, C.L. et al. (2012) FEBS Lett. 586:3522.
- Datwyler, A.L. et al. (2012) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 31:2152.
- Wang, Z. et al. (2012) Protein Expr. Purif. 82:174.
- Sang, J. et al. (2012) Biochem. J. 435:489.
FAQs
No product specific FAQs exist for this product, however you may
View all Proteins and Enzyme FAQsAffinity Matrices
Recombinant Human HR23A Tandem UBA (TUBE1) Agarose, CF
Recombinant Enzymes
Recombinant Human His6-UBE2N (Ubc13)/Uev1a Complex, CF
Recombinant Human UBE2I/Ubc9 Protein, CF
Recombinant Human SUMO E1 (SAE1/UBA2) Protein, CF
Recombinant Proteins
Recombinant Human SUMO3 AMC Protein, CF
Recombinant Human SUMO1 AMC Protein, CF
Recombinant Human Ubiquitin Protein, CF
Reviews for Recombinant Human SUMO2 Mutant K11R Protein, CF
There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first toreview Recombinant Human SUMO2 Mutant K11R Protein, CF and earn rewards!
Have you used Recombinant Human SUMO2 Mutant K11R Protein, CF?
Submit a review and receive an Amazon gift card.
$25/€18/£15/$25CAN/¥75 Yuan/¥1250 Yen for a review with an image
$10/€7/£6/$10 CAD/¥70 Yuan/¥1110 Yen for a review without an image
ebiomall.com
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
抗原：
（antigen，缩写Ag）为任何可诱发免疫反应的物质。外来分子可经过B细胞上免疫球蛋白的辨识或经抗原呈现细胞的处理并与主要组织相容性复合体结合成复合物再活化T细胞，引发连续的免疫反应。
抗体：
（英语：antibody），（免疫球蛋白不仅仅只是抗体）是一种由浆细胞（效应B细胞）分泌，被免疫系统用来鉴别与中和外来物质如细菌、病毒等的大型Y形蛋白质，仅被发现存在于脊椎动物的血液等体液中，及其B细胞的细胞膜表面[1-2]。抗体能识别特定外来物的一个独特特征，该外来目标被称为抗原。
抗原抗体反应：
指抗原与相应抗体之间所发生的特异性结合反应。这种反应既可在机体内进行，也可以在机体外进行。抗原抗体反应的过程是经过一系列的化学和物理变化，包括抗原抗体特异性结合和非特异性促凝聚两个阶段，以及由亲水胶体转为疏水胶体的变化。
体液免疫：生发中心母细胞的轻链和重链V基因可发生高频率的点突变,在抗原诱导的情况下产生.在初次免疫应答时,大量抗原的出现,可使表达不同亲和力的BCR的各种B细胞克隆被选择和激活,产生多种不同亲和力的抗体.每个B细胞开始时一般均表达IgM,在免疫应答时首先分泌IgM,通过重链C区的基因重排,随后会产生IgG,IgA,起主要的免疫应答作用.
细胞免疫：抗原被提呈给T细胞后,T细胞活化,产生大量的细胞因子,比如干扰素,白细胞介素等,参与细胞免疫过程.
由此，注射疫苗（没有破坏力但却能刺激机体产生对应的抗体）属于主动免疫，注射血清（即抗体）属于被动免疫，前者旨在预防，标本兼治，后者则能够应急。
