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| Gambogic AcidCaspase activator and apoptosis inducer |
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Nature.2017 Jan 19;541(7637):417-420.
Nature.2018 Nov;563(7731):407-411.Nature.2018 Jun 13.Nature.2018 Jun 27.Nature.2018 Mar 29;555(7698):673-677.Nature.2017 Sep 7;549(7670):96-100.Nature.2016 Apr 21;532(7599):398-401.
Science.2016 Aug 5;353(6299)594-8Nat Nanotechnol.2017 Dec;12(12):1190-1198.Nature Biotechnology.2017 Jun;35(6):569-576Nat Med.2018 Sep 17.Cell.2018 Dec 21. pii: S0092-8674(18)31561-7.Cell.Available online 25 October 2018.Cell.2018 Sep 27. pii: S0092-8674(18)31183-8.Cell.2018 Jun 28;174(1):172-186.e21.Cell.2018 Feb 22;172(5):1007-1021.e17.Cell.2017 Nov 30;171(6):1284-1300.e21.Cell.2017 Aug 17. pii: S0092-8674(17)30869-3.Cell.2017 Jul 13;170(2):312-323Nat Med.2018 Jan 29.Nat Med.2017 Nov;23(11):1342-1351.Cell.2017 Apr 6;169(2):286-300.Cell.2015 Aug 27;162(5):987-1002.Cell.2015 Feb 12;160(4):729-44.Nature Medicine.2017 Apr;23(4):493-500.Cancer Cell.2018 May 14;33(5):905-921.e5.Cancer Cell.2018 Apr 9;33(4):752-769.e8.Cancer Cell.2018 Mar 12;33(3):401-416.e8.Cancer Cell.2017 Aug 14;32(2):253-267.e5.Nat Methods.2018 Jul;15(7):523-526.Cell Stem Cell.2018 May 3;22(5):769-778.e4.Cell Stem Cell.2017 Nov 20. pii: S1934-5909(17)30375-2.Quality Control & MSDS
- View current batch:
- Purity = 98.54%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- HPLC (Retest)
- NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)
- MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Chemical structure
| Description | Gambogic Acid is an inducer of apoptosis with EC50 value of 0.78-1.64 μM for caspases and IC50 values of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 μM for Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1, respectively. | |||||
| Targets | caspases | Bcl-XL | Bcl-2 | Bcl-W | Bcl-B | Bfl-1 |
| IC50 | 0.78-1.64 μM (EC50) | 1.47 μM | 1.21 μM | 2.02 μM | 0.66 μM | 1.06 μM |
| Cell experiment: [1] | |
Cell lines | MGC-803 cells |
Preparation method | The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >10 mM. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 °C for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20°C for several months. |
Reaction Conditions | 1 μg/ml, 48 h |
Applications | After exposure of MGC-803 cells to GA (1 μg/ml) for 24, 48, and 72 h, the apoptosis rate was 38.56, 73.70, and 71.77%, respectively. The proportion of G2/M phase cells increased after being treated with GA. Under an inverted-microscope, after cultured with GA 1 mg/ml for 48 h, many MGC-803 cells turned round in shape and necrosed; the untreated cells grew well and the skeleton was clear. Under electron microscope, “dotted” chromatins were found; in a large quantity of tumor cells these condensed chromatin divided into “Apoptosis bodies”. |
| Animal experiment: [2] | |
Animal models | BALB/c nude mice bearing SMMC-7721 xenografts |
Dosage form | Intravenous injection, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg, 3 times per week |
Applications | The results indicated that iv injection of GGA 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg inhibited dramatically the growth of human hepatocellular cell line SMMC-7721 in nude mice from the early administration. |
Other notes | Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
References: [1] Zhao L, Guo Q L, You Q D, et al. Gambogic acid induces apoptosis and regulates expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 protein in human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2004, 27(7): 998-1003. [2] Guo Q L, You Q D, Wu Z Q, et al. General gambogic acids inhibited growth of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and in nude mice. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2004, 25: 769-774. | |
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| Cas No. | 2752-65-0 | SDF | Download SDF |
| Synonyms | Beta-Guttiferrin,Gambogic | ||
| Chemical Name | (Z)-4-((1S,3aR,5S,11R,14aS)-8-hydroxy-2,2,11-trimethyl-13-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-11-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-4,7-dioxo-2,3a,4,5,7,11-hexahydro-1H-1,5-methanofuro[3,2-g]pyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-3a-yl)-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C/C(C)=CCC[C@]1(C)C=CC(C(O)=C(C(C([C@]2([C@@H](C3)C(C)(C)O[C@]24C/C=C(C(O)=O)/C)O5)=C[C@H]3C4=O)=O)C5=C6C/C=C(C)C)=C6O1 | ||
| Formula | C38H44O8 | M.Wt | 628.75 |
| Solubility | ≥22.45 mg/mL in DMSO, ≥48.2 mg/mL in EtOH, <2.22 mg/ml="" in="" h2o=""> | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Physical Appearance | A solid | Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice.All other available size:ship with RT , or blue ice upon request |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. | ||
Gambogic acid (GA) is an inducer of apoptosis with EC50 value of 0.78-1.64 μM for caspases and with IC50 values of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 μM for Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1, respectively [1].
The cytotoxic natural product GA competes for BH3 peptide binding sites on several antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family and neutralizes the ability of these proteins to suppress release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria.
In vitro, it was demonstrated that GA inhibited the proliferation of human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells in a dose-dependent manner. When the cells were exposed to GA 5 mg/ml for 72 h, the rate of inhibition reached 89.45%. The IC50 value was 0.96 mg/ml at 48 h. In addition, GA can’t induce cell death in normal unimmortalized cells, but it can selectively kill the tumor cells. Treatment with GA at concentrations above 0.4 μM led to a significant dose-dependent inhibition of U266 cell growth under normoxia and hypoxia when U266 cells exposed to GA under normoxia and hypoxia for 8 h [2, 3].
Using a prostate cancer xenograft model, s.c. injection daily for 15 days was reported that GA effectively inhibited tumor angiogenesis and suppressed tumor growth with few side effects. And using a mouse model of glioma, i.v. injection of GA daily for 14 days was reported to significantly reduce tumor volumes with little side effects. The effects of GA on expression of HIF-1a and its downstream target gene vascular endothelial growth factor was investigated in human MM U266 cells. Tumor xenografts transplanted by U266 cells were used to test the antitumor effect of GA in BALB ?c nude mice in vivo. After a treatment of 14-day, the tumors were moved and photographed. The results indicated that GA significantly inhibited tumor growth in a dosage-dependent manner. After exposure of MGC-803 cells to GA (1 μg/ml) for 24, 48, and 72 h, the apoptosis rate was 38.56, 73.70, and 71.77%, respectively. A number of MGC-803 cells turned round in shape and necrosed, while the untreated cells grew well and the skeleton was clear after cultured with GA 1mg/ml for 48 h [1, 3].
References: [1]. Zhai DY, Jin CF, Shiau CW, et al. Gambogic acid is an antagonist of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2008, 7(6): 329-340.[2]. Zhao L, Guo QL, You QD, et al. Gambogic acid induces apoptosis and regulates expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 protein in human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2004, 27(7): 998-1003.[3]. Wang F, Zhang W, Guo LT, et al. Gambogic acid suppresses hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1/vascular endothelial growth factor expression via inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target protein of rapamycin pathway in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Science, 2014, 105(8): 1063-1070.
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的问题在于使siRNA导入细胞，
将sirna导入细胞内常见的方法是
将靶向特定基因的大约21碱基长短的双链 siRNAs small interfering RNAs。
或者是45 50 mer的发夹结构 RNA 转染到细胞。
此外通过质粒表达siRNAs 同样可以抑制特定基因的表达。
编码线虫的氨基酰tRNA合成酶是否和编码大鼠的氨基酰tRNA合成酶的基因相同？
tRNA（转运RNA）可以转运氨基酸。
mRNA（信使RNA）是由细胞核内的DNA转录来的，相当于蛋白质的设计图纸。
翻译的过程：核糖体附着在mRNA上，然后tRNA搬运氨基酸，运往到核糖体上，从而拼合成蛋白质。
本人，大学本科生小白，想问一下各位老师，sirna设计出来之后，用snapgene吧sirna与靶mrna进行序列对比为什么没有同源序列，还有如果我想检验sirna是不是脱靶，是不是可以将sirna序列与相关影响的非靶基因序列对比确定哪。
最近测序做了TRNAfragment，但是在验证测序结果上遇到了问题，TRF大小在30左右，按照mirna设计颈环引物跑PCR，结果测序为0的数据也能跑出来，后来师兄分析可能把成熟的TRNA也检测出来了，不知道有哪位大神可以指导下TRF的引物应该如何设计啊？
探针就是DNA弹针。用于检测特定的DNA片段。
基因探针，即核酸探针，是一段带有检测标记，且顺序已知的，与目的基因互补的核酸序列(DNA或RNA)。基因探针通过分子杂交与目的基因结合，产生杂交信号，能从浩翰的基因组中把目的基因显示出来。根据杂交原理，作为探针的核酸序列至少必须具备以下两个条件：①应是单链，若为双链，必须先行变性处理。②应带有容易被检测的标记。它可以包括整个基因，也可以仅仅是基因的一部分；可以是DNA本身，也可以是由之转录而来的RNA。
进行分子突变需要大量的探针拷贝，后者一般是通过分子克隆（molecular cloning）获得的。克隆是指用无性繁殖方法获得同一个体、细胞或分子的大量复制品。当制备基因组DNA探针进，应先制备基因组文库，即把基因组DNA打断，或用限制性酶作不完全水解，得到许多大小不等的随机片段，将这些片段体外重组到运载体（噬菌体、质粒等）中去，再将后者转染适当的宿主细胞如大肠肝菌，这时在固体培养基上可以得到许多携带有不同DNA片段的克隆噬菌斑，通过原位杂交，从中可筛出含有目的基因片段的克隆，然后通过细胞扩增，制备出大量的探针。
为了制备cDNA 探针，首先需分离纯化相应mRNA，这从含有大量mRNA的组织、细胞中比较容易做到，如从造血细胞中制备α或β珠蛋白mRNA。有了mRNA作模板后，在逆转录酶的作用下，就可以合成与之互补的DNA(即cDNA)，cDNA与待测基因的编码区有完全相同的碱基顺序，但内含子已在加工过程中切除。
寡核苷酸探针是人工合成的，与已知基因DNA互补的，长度可从十几到几十个核苷酸的片段。如仅知蛋白质的氨基酸顺序量，也可以按氨基酸的密码推导出核苷酸序列，并用化学方法合成。
请问大神，siRNA一定是瞬转；如果瞬转，比如只能维持个2-3天，那么如果我想观察药物A作用于siRNA干预的细胞的效果，但是这个药物A需要作用10天，那么我间隔2-3天加一点SIRNA，这样可以吗，谢谢大神了
二：主要功能：①运输功能②在逆转录作用中作为合成互补链DNA链的引物。③在细菌细胞壁、叶绿素、脂多糖和氨酰磷脂酰甘油的合成中都与某些tRNA的参与有关。
tRNA不是一条直的单链，而是弯曲的，呈现一个三叶草的形状。在弯曲的部位，tRNA自己的碱基跟自己的碱基互补配对连起来，碱基对中存在氢键。
其他的RNA一般为单链不存在氢链，但双链的由于碱基互补配对存在氢键。
各种系统都可以使用，AlleleID7.0没搞的定
本软件只作为学习研究之用，研究完后马上删除，支持正版。。。
感谢ddd198599及其他司机的信息及启发
http://www.stemcell8.cn/thread-20673-1-1.html
AlleleID6破解版.rar(44952.85k)
tRNA也是一段长的核糖核苷酸链，而且具有局部双链结构，反密码子位于一端。
所以它和mRNA、rRNA一样都含有四种含氮碱基。
