ProductDescription
PureCol®collagenisknownasthestandardofallcollagensforpurity(>99.9%collagencontent),functionality,andthemostnative-likecollagenavailable.PureCol®isisolatedfrombovinehidessourcedfromtheonlycontrolled,closedherdintheUnitedStates.AdvancedBiomatrix’smanufacturingprocessescomplywithstringentqualitystandardsthathaveproventoyieldunsurpassedlot-to-lotconsistency.
PureCol®collagenisapproximately97%TypeIatelocollagenwiththeremainderbeingcomprisedofTypeIIIcollagen.PureCol®collagenissuppliedatapproximatelya3mg/mlconcentration.TheconcentrationforeachspecificlotisprovidedonaCertificateofAnalysisthatisavailablewiththepurchaseofeachproduct.PureCol®issolubleatelocollagenin0.01NHCI,therefore,thepHis2.PureCol®collagenisidealforcoatingofsurfaces,providingpreparationofthinlayersforculturingcells,oruseasasolidgel.
PureCol®collagenisprovidedinauser-friendlypackagingforuseandstorage.PureCol®issterilefilteredandissuppliedasareadytousesolution.
| Parameter,Testing,andMethod | PureCol®TypeICollagen#5005 |
| SterilizationMethod | Filtration |
| ExtractionMethod | Enzyme-atelocollagen |
| Form | Solution |
| PackageSize | 100mL,1000mL |
| StorageTemperature | 2-10°C |
| ShelfLife | Minimumof6monthsfromdateofreceipt |
CollagenConcentration-Biuret | 2.9-3.2mg/mL |
CollagenPurity-SilverStaining | >99.9% |
| pH | 1.9-2.1 |
| KineticGelTest(Minutes) | <40 |
| GelFormationTubeTest(Minutes) | <40 |
Fibrillogenesis(AbsorbanceUnits) | >0.5 |
ElectrophoreticPattern-CoomassieBlue | Characteristic |
| Sterility-USPmodified | Nogrowth |
| Endotoxin-LAL | <1.0EU/mL |
| Osmolality(mOsmoH2O/kg) | <35 |
| CellAttachmentAssay | Pass |
| Source | BovineHide |
| HydrogelYoung"sModulusE(Pa) | Characteristic |
DirectionsforUse
DownloadthefullPDFversionorcontinuereADIngbelow:
CoatingProcedure
Note:Usetheserecommendationsasguidelinestodeterminetheoptimalcoatingconditionsforyourculturesystem.
- Removerequiredquantityofcollagenfromthebottleanddispenseintoadilutionvessel.
- DilutePureCol®inwaterto~50to100µg/ml(~1:30).A0.01NHClsolutionmayalsobeused.
- Swirlcontentsgentlyuntilmaterialiscompletelymixed.
- AddappropriateamountofdilutedPureCol®materialtotheculturesurfaceensuringthattheentiresurfaceiscoated.
- Incubateatroomtemperature,covered,for1-2hours.Aspirateanyremainingmaterial.Alternatively,incubateatroomtemperatureuntilsurfaceisdry.
- RinsecoatedsurfacescarefullywithsterilemediumorPBS,avoidscratchingsurfaces.
- Coatedsurfacesarereadyforuse.Theymayalsobestoredat2-10°Cdamporairdriedifsterilityismaintained.
3-DGelPreparationProcedure
- Slowlyadd1partofchilled10XPBSor10Xculturemediato8partsofchilledcollagensolutionwithgentleswirling.
- AdjustpHofmixtureto7.0–7.5usingsterile0.1MNaOH.MonitorpHadjustmentcarefully(pHmeter,phenolred,orpHpaper).
- Adjustfinalvolumetoatotalof10partswithsterilewater.
- Topreventgelation,maintaintemperatureofmixtureat2–10°C.
- Toformgel,warmto37°C.Allowapproximately90to120minutesforgelformation.
ProductQ&A
ThepurityofPureCol®collagenisdeterminedbySDS-PAGE,sodiumdodecylsulfatepolyacrylamidegelelectrophoresisinconjunctionwithbacterialCollagenasesensitivityandsilverstainingtechniqueswithamethodsensitivityof99.9%.ItwasfoundthatPureCol®collagenis95to98%TypeIcollagenandtheremainderbeingcomprisedofTypeIIIcollagen.
SDSpolyacrylamidegelelectrophoresisdemonstratesthepresenceofalpha,betaandgammacomponentsinanappropriateratioofapproximately40:30:30,respectively.PureCol®collagenisanativecollagenasjudgedbypolarimetryandtrypsinsensitivityalthoughtheproductdoescontainalowpercentageofcollagenfragmentsorshortenedhelices.
Conclusion:Withthetestmethodsensitivityof99.9%(SDS-PAGEgelelectrophoresisinconjunctionwithbacterialcollagenasesensitivityandsilverstainingtechniques)andnootherproteinspresentinthepreparation,itcanbeconcludedthatthepurityofthePureCol®collagenis99.9%.
TheviscosityofPureCol®is~32cp.
PureCol®producthasanisoelectriczoneinsteadofisoelectricpoint.TheisoelectriczoneispH7to8.Inaddition,thecollagenmoleculesinthePureCol®productwillcomeoutofsolutionstartingatapHabove5.5andreachitsplateauatpH7to8thengraduallytaperingoffatpH8to9.5.
Reductionofacommerciallyavailable,pepsin-solubilized,bovinedermalcollagen(Vitrogen100)(PureCol’soldproductname)withsodium[3H]borohydrideprovidedradiolabeledcollagenpreparationswithspecificactivitiesrangingfrom7.1-12.0muCi/mgcollagen.Thesespecificactivitieswere2-3timesgreaterthanthoseobtainedbyreductionofintactrattailtendoncollagenundersimilarconditions.
Thealpha,beta,andhigheraggregatecomponentsoftypeIcollagenwereradiolabeledaswellasthealphacomponentofasmallamountoftypeIIIcollagenpresentinthesamples.Fractionationofcyanogenbromidepeptidesshowedthatalpha1(I)CB7,alpha1(I)CB8,andalpha2(I)CB3,5werethepredominantpeptideslabeledbythisprocedure.AminoacidanalysisindicatedthatthemajorityoftheradioactivitywasinreducIBLecross-links,precursorsofthesecross-links,andinhexosyllysineresidues.
Reconstitutionexperimentscomparingthisradiolabeledcollagenwithnonlabeledcollagenshowedthemtobeindistinguishable.Bacterialcollagenasedigestionofthisreconstitutedfibrillarcollageninbothalightlycross-linked(glutaraldehyde0.0075%)andnoncross-linkedformprovidedevidencethatdigestionoflabeledandnonlabeledcollagensproceededatsimilarrates.Thus,labelingdidnotchangethepropertiesofthecollagen.Cross-linkingmadethepreparationrefractorytoproteolyticdegradation.Injectionoffibrillarcollagenpreparations,spikedwithradiolabeledcollagen,intotheguineapigdermisfollowedbyquantitationoftheamountofradioactivityrecoveredfromimplantsitesasafunctionoftime,indicatedthatthelightlycross-linkedsamplesalsoweremoreresistanttodegradationinvivothanthenoncross-linkedpreparation.
Thehalf-lifeofnoncross-linkedcollagenwasabout4dayswhilethatofthecross-linkedcollagenwasabout25days.Thesedegradationratesweremuchfasterthanobservedforsimilar,nonlabeledsamplesinjectedintothedermisofhumans,presumablyduetoahighermetabolicactivityintheguineapigdermis.
SincethecollageninPureColcollagencontainsapproximately95%TypeIbovinecollagenand5%TypeIIIbovinecollagen,ananti-bovinecollagenTypeIantibodyforyourstudycanbeused.
Thereisnodifference.Vitrogenwastheoldtradename,andPureCol®isthenewtradename.
WecompletedastudytoshowthatDNAiscompletelydestroyedatpH2,anddemonstratedthatourcollagenproductsdonotcontainDNA.
Thecollagenisfullyhydrolyzed.TheaminoacidanalysisisdoneusingtheWatersAccQ-Tagderivatizationmethod.Duringtheacidhydrolysisstep,asparagine(N)isconvertedtoasparticacid(D)andglutamine(Q)isconvertedtoglutamicacid(E).Tryptophan(W),ifpresent,isdestroyedduringacidhydrolysis.Experimentally,onecandeterminethepicomoles(pmol)ofeachaminoacidperinjecteddetectedusingaminoacidstandards.Fortheconcentrationdetermination,thetotalnumberofpmolofeachaminoacidissummedtogetthetotalpmolofthe18aminoacidsdetected.Thetotalpmolaminoacidsisdividedbythetheoreticalnumberofaminoacidresiduesincollagenbasedonthepublishedsequence.Theresultisthepmolofcollageninjected.Theresultisthenmultipliedbythedilutionand300,000isusedasthecollagenmolecularweighttogettomg/mL.Themolecularweightofcollagenisnotwellagreedupon.
Dilutingwith1XPBS(ratherthanwateror0.01NHCl)wouldhaveaneffectforcoatingpurposes.ItwouldchangethepHofthedilutedcollagensolutionfromacidtoneutralpH.ThepHchangewilltransformthecollagenmoleculesfromamolecularformtoafibrillarform;andthenthenatureofcoatingsurfacewillbechangedfromamonomericcoatingtoafibrillarcoating.
WeusethefollowingantibodiesfromSouthernBiotech:
1.1310-02–GoatAnti-TypeICollagen-FITC
2.1310-08–GoatAnti-TypeICollagen-BIOT
3.7100-05–Streptavidin-HRP
ThemajorcollagenmolecularspeciesinourTypeIcollagenproductsaremonomers(approx.70%),buttherearedimers,trimersandafewpercentagesofoligomerstoo(approx.30%)withsomeminoramountsofcollagenfragments.Thecollagenmonomerisarodshapedmoleculewith300nminlengthand1.5nmindiameter.Thedimer,trimerandoligomerare600nm,900nmandevenlongerinlengthrespectively.Accordingtothecoatingprocedures,thecollagenmoleculesareattachedtothechargedpolystyrenesurfacerandomlybychargeoraffinityinacidconditionsduringthe1-2hrsincubationperiodat37°C,andanyunattachedmaterialsareremovedbyaspirationandrinsing.Therefore,thecoatedsurfaceisasinglelayerofcollagenmonomer,dimer,trimerandoligomermixtures.Thethicknessofthemono-molecularlayerisdependentonhowthosemoleculesareattachedonthesurface.Thecoatingdensitythicknesswouldgenerallybecharacterizedasa1moleculethicknesswhichcouldberangingfromafewnanometerstoafewhundrednanometerswiththewholesurfacebeingcoveredbycollagen.
ThenetchargeofTypeIcollagenproducts’(PureCol®,BovineCollagenandVitroCol®,HumanCollagen)moleculeisdirectlyrelatedtothepH.AtanacidicpH,theaminoacids(zwitterions)alongthecollagenmoleculearepositivelycharged,makingtheentirecollagenmoleculepositive.Attheisoelectricpoint(orzone)ofcollagen,aroundpH7-8,theaminoacidsalongthecollagenmoleculearepositivelyandnegativelycharged,makingthenetchargeofthecollagenmoleculeclosetozero.AtabasicpH,theaminoacidsalongthecollagenmoleculewerenegativelycharged,makingtheentirecollagenmoleculenegative.
Further,thenatureofthechargeofthecollagencoatingsurfacewillbedependentonthetypeofcoatingapplied.ForamonomericcollagencoatingswhenthecollagenisappliedunderanacidicpHcondition,thesurfaceispositivelycharged.IfthesurfaceisrinsedwithpHneutralbufferormediathenitwillchangethechargeofthecollagensurfacenetchargeclosetozero.Fora3Dgelcoating,thecollagenpreparedunderneutralpH;thenetchargeofthecollagensurfaceisclosetozero.
Usingrotaryshadowingtechniqueundertransmissionelectronmicroscopy,itwasfoundthatourcollagen,onaverage,consistsofapproximately80%monomers,13%dimers,trimers,andoligomerswiththeremaining7%collagenfragments.
Yes.ThecollagenmoleculeinPureCol,Nutragen,VitroCol,andallofourotherAtelocollagenproductswerepreparedfromnativecollagenmatrixbypepsintreatmentundercontrolledconditionstoremovethenon-helicalportion,telo-peptides,onlyandthehelicalportionisintact.Inthiscase,theenzymaticactivesitesforMMP(MatrixMetalloproteinase),suchasforMammalianCollagenaseMatrixMetalloproteinase8(MMP-8),onthemoleculewaspreserved.
Thesepepsintreatedcollagenproductsshouldbehaveasnativeintactcollagen.
TGFbetawouldhavebeendigestedwiththepepsinenzymaticdigestionstep.ItwasundetectablebySDSPAGEsilverstainaswell.Wedidn’tdoanyspecificmeasurementsbyELISAhoweverbutpresencesofTGFbetaisnotanticipated.
WeprimarilyusetheBiuretmethod,butwealsouseBCA,AAA,andhydroxyl-prolineassays.
-Collagensolutionsthatarefrozentendtohaveissuesforming3Dhydrogels,andwilllikelynotwork.Thesolutionsshouldstillbegoodfor2Dcoatings.
-Collagensolutionsthatareleftoutatroomtemperatureforextendedperiodsoftimemayshowsignsofdegradation,whichwillaffecttheformationof3Dhydrogels.Itislikelystillfinefor2Dcoatings.
Ourrecommendationisthis:Ifyouareusingtheproductdirectlyforapublication,wehighlysuggestbuyinganewbottleiftheoneyouhavewascompromised.
ProductReferences
BecausePureCol®hasbeencitedinover2000publications,wehaveonlypostedafewbelow:
Sorensen,JacobR.,etal."Analteredresponseinmacrophagephenotypefollowingdamageinagedhumanskeletalmuscle:implicationsforskeletalmusclerepair."TheFASEBJournal(2019):fj-201900519R.
Sorensen,JacobR.,etal."Analteredresponseinmacrophagephenotypefollowingdamageinagedhumanskeletalmuscle:implicationsforskeletalmusclerepair."TheFASEBJournal(2019):fj-201900519R.
Colaço,E.,etal."HierarchicalCollagen-HydroxyapatiteNanostructuresDesignedThroughLayer-by-LayerAssemblyofCrystal-DecoratedFibrils."J.,HierarchicalCollagen-HydroxyapatiteNanostructuresDesignedThroughLayer-by-LayerAssemblyofCrystal-DecoratedFibrils(May13,2019)(2019).
Schwerdtfeger,LukeA.,etal."Humancolonfunctionexvivo:Dependenceonoxygenandsensitivitytoantibiotic."PloSone14.5(2019):e0217170.
Cardoso,Ana,etal."MiR-144overexpressionasapromisingtherapeuticstrategytoovercomeglioblastomacellinvasivenessandresistancetochemotherapy."Humanmoleculargenetics(2019).
Steele,HannahE.,etal."MechanotransductionofmitochondrialAMPKanditsdistinctroleinflow-inducedbreastcancercellmigration."Biochemicalandbiophysicalresearchcommunications514.2(2019):524-529.
Gehwolf,Renate,etal."GlobalResponsesofIl-1β-Primed3DTendonConstructstoTreatmentwithPulsedElectromagneticFields."Cells8.5(2019):399.
Alexander,Frank,SebastianEggert,andDoriellePrice."Label-FreeMonitoringof3DTissueModelsviaElectricalImpedanceSpectroscopy."(2019):1-24.
Matysik-Woźniak,Anna,etal."ExaminationofKynurenineToxicityonCornealandConjunctivalEpithelium:InvitroandinvivoStudies."Ophthalmicresearch(2019):1-12.
Compton,Clayton,etal."ReconstitutionoftheVentricularEndocardiumWithinAcellularHearts."RegenerativeEngineeringandTranslationalMedicine(2019):1-11.
Müller,A.L.,etal."4.IdentificationofmiR-301ainPrimaryHumanAtrialFibroblastsandBoneMarrow-DerivedMesenchymalProgenitorCellstoAttenuateEndogenousDifferentiationintoPro-FibroticCells."DifferentiationofPrimaryHumanPro-FibroticMesenchymalCellsInfluencedbyExtracellularMatrixEnvironmentDeterminedbyMicro-RNAExpression(2018):130.
Doblinger,Nina,etal."Impactofhydroxyethylstarchandmodifiedfluidgelatinongranulocytephenotypeandfunction."Transfusion(2019).
Elisabeth,etal."Pro-InflammatoryResponsesinHumanBronchialEpithelialCellsInducedbySporesandHyphalFragmentsofCommonDampIndoorMolds."Internationaljournalofenvironmentalresearchandpublichealth16.6(2019):1085.
Dodmane,PuttappaR.,etal."BiphasicchangesinairwayepithelialcellEGFreceptorbindingandphosphorylationinducedbycomponentsofhogbarndust."Experimentallungresearch44.10(2018):443-454.
McClellan,Alyce,etal."Anovelmechanismfortheprotectionofembryonicstemcellderivedtenocytesfrominflammatorycytokineinterleukin1beta."Scientificreports9(2019).
Wang,Weiling,etal."Aquaporin-3deficiencyslowscystenlargementinexperimentalmousemodelsofautosomaldominantpolycystickidneydisease."TheFASEBJournal(2019):fj-201801338RRR.
Teo,JyeYng,etal."SurfacetetheringofstemcellswithH2O2-responsiveanti-oxidizingcolloidalparticlesforprotectionagainstoxidation-induceddeath."Biomaterials201(2019):1-15.
Gehwolf,Renate,etal."3D-EmbeddedCellCulturestoStudyTendonBIOLOGy."(2019):1-11.
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ProductDisclaimer
ThisproductisforR&Duseonlyandisnotintendedforhumanorotheruses.PleaseconsulttheMaterialSafetyDataSheetforinformationregardinghazardsandsafehandlingpractices.
美国AdvancedBioMatrix(简称ABM) www.advancedbiomatrix.comAdvancedBioMatrix(简称ABM)是美国一家著名的生物公司,获得了AllerganInc的授权(Allergan用25年时间不断完善胶原蛋白相关的产品的生产工艺),将Allergan的专业和技术用于蛋白生产与检测,致力于为组织工程、细胞分析及细胞增殖等研究领域提供优质稳定的产品。AdvancedBioMatrix不断丰富已有产品线,目前可为三维细胞培养提供各种胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白、玻连蛋白、水性凝胶、不同粘度与分子量的透明质酸以及低代成纤维细胞等。在美国全部产品授权Sigma销售。AdvancedBioMatrix是组织培养,细胞分析和细胞增殖三维(3D)应用的生命科学领域的领导者。我们的产品被公认为纯度,功能性和一致性的标准。我们在生产,分离,纯化,冷冻干燥,细胞培养和蛋白质测试,粘附肽,附着因子,底物刚性和其他3D矩阵产品方面拥有丰富的专业知识。我们的专业技术和知识正在被用来确保我们的产品质量最高,批次之间一致且易于为我们的研究客户使用。
美国AdvancedBioMatrix是3D组织培养、细胞检测和细胞增殖等领域实验解决方案的佼佼者。AdvancedBioMatrix在分离、纯化、冻干、细胞培养和蛋白检测、多肽粘附、附着因子、基质硬度和其他3Dmatrix 产品开发方面有着丰富的经验。AdvancedBioMatrix的研发经验和专业知识确保其产品可达到最佳质量,并保证产品之间一致性,方便研究客户使用。以下为AdvancedBioMatrix3DMatrices 产品竞争优势:1. 提供高纯度和成分确定的胞外基质;2. 超过1000余篇文献引用PureCol产品,品质非常均一;3. 在3D培养基领域可提供最全面的产品线;4. 唯一可提供特异性刚性有机硅基板的公司(CytoSoft);5. 唯一可提供可溶性丝纤蛋白的供应商(可运用于多种3D培养);6. 如果客户首次接触3D胶原凝胶,AdvancedBioMatrix还是唯一的预制胶原蛋白(PureColEZGel)供应商;
以下产品为AdvancedBioMatrix全球畅销品:1.PureCol 牛源I型胶原蛋白 3mg/ml#5005-100ML2.Nutragen牛源I型胶原蛋白 6mg/ml#5010-50ML3.FibriCol 牛源I型胶原蛋白 10mg/ml#5133-20ML4.VitroCol 人源I型胶原蛋白 #5007-20ML5. 弹性蛋白原 #5052-1MG6.ECMSelectArraykitUltra-36#5170-1EA7.CytoSoft(刚性可变的基底,AdvancedBioMatrix最新添加产品5190-7EA)8. 人III型胶原蛋白 #5021-10MG9. 人IV型胶原蛋白 #5022-5MG10.SilkFibroin溶液 #5154-20ML11.Fibronectin#5080-5MG12.Vitronectin#5051-0.1MG
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编译字数:1452
Neurosurgery:神经外科术中可以同时使用磁共振与神经电生理监测
现代神经外科手术的目的,是实现最大化的肿瘤切除,同时保留神经功能。在过去的十几年间,新的技术工具如神经外科导航系统、低场强和高场强的术中核磁共振成像(iMRI)及先进的神经影像学技术(弥散张量成像技术DTI),以及术中神经电生理监测(IOM)一贯都有助于实现这一目标。但是,这几项技术集成一体化使用往往很难。
对于术中神经元系统和白质束的功能变化,IOM能够提供可靠的评估,而这些变化最终发生在手术中。在肿瘤切除过程中,高场强术中核磁共振成像(iMRI)可以提供残余肿瘤的影像图像,以及显示肿瘤转移和功能途径的形态学改变(通过DTI方式)。大脑雄辩区域的手术要求术中神经电生理监测(IOM),这在提供高场强(1.5T)iMRI的手术室可能会出现一些问题。比如安全性、失真率、IOM与iMRI之间相互干扰导致的可靠性受损。
来自意大利罗马LaSapienza大学医学心理学系神经科学和心理健康感觉器官教研室神经外科的GiancarloD’Andrea博士,为了鉴别在高场强iMRI的手术室里,哪些类型的电极更适合术中神经电生理监测,利用模型进行了一项实验研究。报告了他们在手术期间使用铱铂(Pt/Ir)电极的经验,并且证明IOM与Pt/Ir电极和高场强iMRI之间的集成一体化是安全的、可靠的。文章最近在线发表于Neurosurgery上。
研究人员使用凝胶样模型和苹果,对不同的材料(黄金、Pt/Ir,不锈钢(SS))构成的电极进行测试,以评估他们的安全性和兼容性。随后,在病人使用之前,在5例健康志愿者身上进行了电极测试。研究结果显示,这些不同的电极中,没有任何一个出现热不稳定,并且没有损害志愿者的皮肤的情况发生。
不锈钢电极造成了严重的图像失真。黄金电极没有造成图像失真,但是其高昂的费用使得他们在常规手术中使用负担不起。很明显,铂铱电极比黄金便宜,并且在高场强iMRI的手术室里,其具备完全的安全性、兼容性和适用性,可以提供出色的IOM和温和的干扰,根本不影响术中成像的质量。
因此,高场强的术中核磁共振辅助下的图像引导手术期间,核磁共振兼容的皮下铂铱针电极适用于术中神经电生理监测。在高场强iMRIBrainSuite®中使用IOM是有效的和安全的。
图1本图分为两个部分:在上半部分中,我们展示了我们手术室的照片,包括博医来公司提供的术中核磁共振辅助的脑科手术室(BrainSuite®iMRI)。在下半部分中,原理图描绘了同一手术室的设置证据,关系到逐步地增加与磁场的距离,安全线意味着磁场线使得所在区域的磁场强度逐步减少(10mT、5mT、3mT、1mT,0.5mT)。红线标记的是磁场强度为0.5mT的区域的内边界;因此,在此区域之外进行手术。病人、外科医师、麻醉医师和协助护士的理想位置,以及术中神经电生理监测设备(建议距离病人4-5米)和参与手术的神经生理学家的位置,也都按照上面提到的示意线的建议来事先设计好。附加到磁场的一个回转工作台,允许在手术期间病人的头部置放于5高斯示意线以外。在这条线以外可以使用普通的外科手术器械。术中神经电生理监测设备可以位于更远的地方,幸亏拥有足够7米长的电缆。(IOM=术中神经电生理监测,anesthesiologist=麻醉医师,m=米,mT=毫特斯拉)
图2相比较之下,铂铱电极在凝胶样模型测试期间增加了他们的差别,提供了优良的术中采集的核磁共振信号。(IntraoperativeMRIjellyphantomstudy=凝胶样模型的术中核磁共振成像研究,platinum-iridiumelectrode=铱铂电极,Steelelectrode=钢电极)
图3"苹果测试"更加证实了以前的研究结果,表明铱铂电极具备与术中强磁场最优的兼容性,相比而言,钢电极的人工产品和顺磁性的失真率都很高。(IntraoperativeMRIApplestudy=苹果的术中核磁共振成像研究,platinum-iridiumelectrode=铱铂电极,Steelelectrode=钢电极)
图4术中应用设备在"活体内"的演示图像(IntraoperativeT1VolumetricMRI=术中T1容积核磁共振成像,Intraoperative3Drendering=术中三维渲染图像)
问题:
1,既然外国公司的原材料这么贵,我就想购买国内厂家的,请各位大侠帮忙提供一下国内哪些厂家的玻璃胚针物廉价美?
2,国内的哪些大学的测试中心,能够提供拉针仪的有偿使用服务的?
我现在手头上有“医疗器械分类规则(局令第15号)”单位没有说ⅠⅡⅢ类的事情?请教!
磁共振 CT 脑电图 多普勒 肌电图 诱发电位 脑脊液检查 血液检查。。。。。。。。。。。。
心内科
心脏电生理记录系统、有创血压监测系统、心脏射频消融仪、心电分析系统、多参数监护仪、医疗网络产品等。
产品主要用于心脏射频消融、心脏电生理检查、冠脉造影、经皮冠状动脉成型术、支架植入、二尖瓣球囊扩张等心脏介入手术;人体生理参数监测;心电图分析等
脑电波:
脑电波(Electroencephalogram,EEG)是大脑在活动时,大量神经元同步发生的突触后电位经总和后形成的。它记录大脑活动时的电波变化,是脑神经细胞的电生理活动在大脑皮层或头皮表面的总体反映。
脑电波来源于锥体细胞顶端树突的突触后电位。脑电波同步节律的形成还与皮层丘脑非特异性投射系统的活动有关。
脑电波是脑科学的基础理论研究,脑电波监测广泛运用于其临床实践应用中。
电子波
电子波是指电子产品等所发出的电子辐
电子波的害处
电脑及大多数家用电器设备等都是可以产生各种形式不同频率、不同强度的电磁辐射源。
电磁辐射--对人体机理的危害
电场辐射危害人体的机理主要是热效应、非热效应和累积效应等。
热效应:人体70%以上是水,水分子受到电子波辐射后相互摩擦,引起机体升温,从而影响到体内器官的正常工作。
非热效应:人体的器官和组织都存在微弱的电磁场,它们是稳定和有序的,一旦受到外界电场的干扰,处于平衡状态的微弱电场即将遭到破坏,人体也会遭受损伤。
累积效应:热效应和非热效应作用于人体后,对人体的伤害尚未来得及自我修复之前(通常所说的人体承受力---内抗力),再次受到电子波辐射的话,其伤害程度就会发生累积,久之会成为永久性病态,危及生命。对于长期接触电子波辐射的群体,即使功率很小,频率很低,也能诱发体内想不到的病变,应引起警惕。
我们一般是在心导管室内,要在特殊的X线设备,可以转动的C臂心血管造影机,影像增强设备和电视荧屏设备,多导电生理记录仪,心脏程控刺激仪等。高档可以有三维电解剖生理定位标测系统比如CARTO,EnSite3000,这仅仅国内少数顶尖医院才有。
我们做电生理检查是通过你自身的血管放入心导管,直到心脏相应部位,一般主要局部麻醉,小孩则需要全麻。手术前必须停用抗心律失常药物至少5个半衰期以上,一般至少要3天,一般抗凝药物也是需要停用的。
我们局部需要手术前备皮,也就是局部皮肤清洁,有毛发的也需要清理干净。然后铺上洞巾。仅仅暴露局部血管穿刺部位。
我们穿刺血管插入诱发电极导管是根据不同需要来的,比如通常我们需要至少放置冠状静脉窦电极,右心室电极,高位右心房电极,和His束电极,那么冠状静脉窦电极是一般通过左锁骨下静脉或者右颈内静脉穿刺放置的,而右心室、高右房和His束电极则通过右股静脉放置。这些和体表心电图构成都可以让医生在电视屏幕上看到你不同的心电图图形,这样可以更加明确你心律失常的机制,部位。那么我们就可以标定你需要消融的部位(靶点)
我们通过插入电极导管,然后我们就进行心电生理检查,也就是人工给与各种电刺激,诱发你心律失常,比如我们可以采用输出电刺激信号比如用S1S1 刺激,也可以采用S1S2刺激等等,有时候可以静脉点滴异丙肾上腺素等药物,增加诱发的成功率,术前我们停用抗心律失常药物也是这个目的,就是诱发出你心律失常,这样我们根据体表和心内心电图,可以准确判断并定位你心律失常发生机制和部位,为下一步射频导管消融作准备,其实标定,是最为关键的一步,你只有找准敌人才能准确打击。准确的标定,也就是找准敌人的位置,那么就为打击敌人,做出关键的作用。我们的射频导管就像导弹一样,但是你必须先直到敌人在哪里,把它标定好,然后我们的导弹就可以直接定点清除。
目前比较新的高档的比如CARTO,就是类似于全球定位系统GPS的原理,可以准确三维立体定位你心律失常形成的部位和路径。一般我们针对最多是折返造成的心律失常,比如最多用于房室结双径路或者房室旁路引起的阵发性室上速,成功率一般是95%以上。
如果是房扑,主要是经典房扑,那么一般我们需要用一个Halo导管,一根可以弯折的上面带有很多对电极的导管,沿着折返环,环形放置。那么成功率也可以到95%。

