Product Description
Extralink® (PEGDA, polyethylene glycol diacrylate) 0.5mL vials contain 5mg of diacrylated PEG and 2.5 mL vials contain 25 mg. Vials are blanketed by nitrogen and under a slight vacuum.
Extralink®is polyethylene diacrylate (PEGDA) with a molecular weight of 3500 Da. It is a thiol-reactive crosslinker that convalently reacts with the thiol groups in Glycosil®, Heprasil®and Gelin-S®to form viscoelastic hydrogels. Extralink® vials are >80% acrylated and supplied as the crosslinking component in all HyStem®hydrogel kits.
Extralink® vials are paired with HyStem-C and HyStem–HP kits while Extralink-Lite vials are paired with HyStem hydrogel kits to provide comparable experiences despite the different HA concentrations.GelationExtralink® is used to chemically crosslink Glycosil (or Heprasil) and Gelin-S in Hystem-C and HyStem-HP kits. The gelation time ranges from as short as 5 minutes to as long as a couple of hours, depending upon the amount of Extralink used and the concentration/dilution of the Glycosil, Gelin-S and/or Heprasil.Similarly, Extralink-Lite is used in place of Extralink for applications where Gelin-S is not included. The higher relative concentration of Glycosil requires less crosslinker to emulate the gelation time and stiffness of HyStem-C and HyStem-HP.
STORAGE
Extralink: Store Extralink in the original vial unopened at -20°C for up to one year. Reconstituted Extralink solutions can be stored at -20 °C for ~ one month.
Note: It is recommended to reconstitute each vial in its entirety.
Directions for Use
When reconstituted, it will be in 1x phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer pH ~7.4. The amount of DG Water used for dissolution depends on the vial.
Extralink should be prepared in the following manner:
- Allow the Extralink® vial to come to room temperature.
- Under aseptic conditions, using a syringe and needle, add to the vial the amount of DG Water indicated on the label.
- Invert several times to dissolve.
- Extralink is used to chemically crosslink hydrogels made from Glycosil® or Heprasil® and Gelin-S®. Extralink does not form a hydrogel on its own.
- Typically, Extralink is used in a 4:1 volume ratio with Glycosil®, Heprasil®, and Gelin-S, as follows:
- 0.25 mL Extralink® is crosslinked with 0.5 mL Glycosil® + 0.5 mL Gelin-S
- 0.25 mL Extralink® is crosslinked with 0.5 mL Heprasil® + 0.5 mL Gelin-S
- Note the gelation time varies depending upon the amount of Extralink®, the amount of Glycosil®, or Heprasil®, and the amount of Gelin-S used. Hydrogels that include Gelin-S will typically have longer gelation times than those made only with Glycosil®, or Heprasil®.
- Note: Gelin-S will not form a hydrogel when mixed with Extralink®.
Note: Hydrogels made using only Extralink® and Glycosil® or Heprasil® will not support cell attachment.
Product Q & A
Globular particles less than 75 kDa should be able to freely diffuse through a HyStem hydrogel.
When reconstituted using DG water, the pH of each HyStem component will be approximately 7.4-7.6.
One year from the date of receipt, if stored properly.
Any sterile, deionized, degassed water can be substituted for reconstitution. However, in order to ensure accurate and predictable dissolution and gelation times, our DG Water is highly recommended, as it is degassed, blanketed in argon, and has undergone validation testing with each HyStem component.
Gelin-S provides cellular attachment sites when incorporated in the hydrogel. Gelin-S is thiol-modified, denatured collagen I, derived from either bovine or porcine sources. Gelin-S is included in all HyStem-C and HyStem-HP kits.
Gelin-S has been thiol-modified in the same manner as the hyaluronan in Glycosil (or Heprasil), so that it covalently crosslinks with the Extralink in the HyStem hydrogels.
Yes. Peptides that contain a cysteine residue can be used. The cysteine residue must be present for the peptide to be covalently bonded to the hydrogel substrate.
Yes. ECM proteins, such as laminin, collagen, fibronectin, or vitronectin can be non-covalently incorporated into the hydrogel prior to crosslinking.
HyStem hydrogels and sponges differ in hydration and homogeneity. HyStem sponges are typically polymerized hydrogels that are subsequently freeze-dried. The resulting sponge is a fibrous, mesh network with pores and niches that enable cells to infiltrate and adhere. A true HyStem hydrogel is an encapsulating liquid that polymerizes around suspended cells in culture.
No. The compliance of the hydrogels is set by the amount of Extralink crosslinker added, the concentration of Glycosil (or Heprasil) and Gelin-S used, and the ratio of Glycosil (or Heprasil) to Gelin-S. Once this chemical structure of the hydrogel is fixed, it is not altered by prolonged exposure to cell culture medium.
HyStem sponges can be terminally sterilized by E-beam. HyStem hydrogels have not yet been validated for use with E-beam sterilization methods. HyStem hydrogels are not terminally sterilized by gamma irradiation.
Gelation time is affected by multiple aspects of the gel’s composition.One way to change the gelation time of a hydrogel is to vary the amount of crosslinker used. Gels with a lower amount of Extralink crosslinker will have a longer gelation time than those with a higher amount of crosslinker. Changing the amount of crosslinker will produce slight changes in gelation time.Gelation time can be dramatically changed by varying the Glycosil (or Heprasil) and Gelin-S concentrations. Concentrated solutions of Glycosil (or Heprasil) and Gelin-S will create a solution with a much shorter gelation time. This can easily be done by reconstituting the components in a smaller volume of DG Water. Alternatively, diluting these components in larger volumes of DG Water will dramatically increase the total time to form the hydrogel.
HyStem Hydrogels are virtually transparent and should not interfere with microscopy.
HyStem hydrogels may generate mild inflammation as part of the body’s natural healing process in response to injury. HyStem hydrogels do not trigger immune response when used in vivo. (These products are not for human use)
HyStem is degraded in vivo by matrix metalloproteinases (collagenases) and hyaluronidases.
Trypsin, Dipase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase have been used to help detach cells from the surface or from within HyStem hydrogels.
In general, the pore size for HyStem-C and HyStem-HP hydrogels is ~17 nm.
Product Applications
Click on the title of the desired protocol to learn more:
2D Cell Growth on HyStem Hydrogels
HyStem 3D Cell Encapsulation for Cell Delivery Applications Guide
HyStem 3D Cell Encapsulation in hydrogels using 96-well plates
HyStem 3D Cell Encapsulation in hydrogels using TC Inserts
Enzyme Digestion of HyStem Hydrogels for Recovery of Encapsulated Cells
Fluorescent Labeling of HyStem Hydrogels
Cell Recovery from Surface of HyStem Hydrogels
HyStem ECM Incorporation
HyStem Gelation Time Variation
HyStem Stiffness Variation Protocol for 7.5 mL kit
HyStem Stiffness Variation Protocol for 12.5 mL kit
Product Certificate of Analysis
Safety and Documentation
Certificate of Origin
Safety Data Sheet
Product Disclaimer
This product is for R&D use only and is not intended for human or other uses. Please consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for information regarding hazards and safe handling practices.
美国AdvancedBioMatrix(简称ABM) www.advancedbiomatrix.comAdvancedBioMatrix(简称ABM)是美国一家著名的生物公司,获得了AllerganInc的授权(Allergan用25年时间不断完善胶原蛋白相关的产品的生产工艺),将Allergan的专业和技术用于蛋白生产与检测,致力于为组织工程、细胞分析及细胞增殖等研究领域提供优质稳定的产品。AdvancedBioMatrix不断丰富已有产品线,目前可为三维细胞培养提供各种胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白、玻连蛋白、水性凝胶、不同粘度与分子量的透明质酸以及低代成纤维细胞等。在美国全部产品授权Sigma销售。AdvancedBioMatrix是组织培养,细胞分析和细胞增殖三维(3D)应用的生命科学领域的领导者。我们的产品被公认为纯度,功能性和一致性的标准。我们在生产,分离,纯化,冷冻干燥,细胞培养和蛋白质测试,粘附肽,附着因子,底物刚性和其他3D矩阵产品方面拥有丰富的专业知识。我们的专业技术和知识正在被用来确保我们的产品质量最高,批次之间一致且易于为我们的研究客户使用。
美国AdvancedBioMatrix是3D组织培养、细胞检测和细胞增殖等领域实验解决方案的佼佼者。AdvancedBioMatrix在分离、纯化、冻干、细胞培养和蛋白检测、多肽粘附、附着因子、基质硬度和其他3Dmatrix 产品开发方面有着丰富的经验。AdvancedBioMatrix的研发经验和专业知识确保其产品可达到最佳质量,并保证产品之间一致性,方便研究客户使用。以下为AdvancedBioMatrix3DMatrices 产品竞争优势:1. 提供高纯度和成分确定的胞外基质;2. 超过1000余篇文献引用PureCol产品,品质非常均一;3. 在3D培养基领域可提供最全面的产品线;4. 唯一可提供特异性刚性有机硅基板的公司(CytoSoft);5. 唯一可提供可溶性丝纤蛋白的供应商(可运用于多种3D培养);6. 如果客户首次接触3D胶原凝胶,AdvancedBioMatrix还是唯一的预制胶原蛋白(PureColEZGel)供应商;
以下产品为AdvancedBioMatrix全球畅销品:1.PureCol 牛源I型胶原蛋白 3mg/ml#5005-100ML2.Nutragen牛源I型胶原蛋白 6mg/ml#5010-50ML3.FibriCol 牛源I型胶原蛋白 10mg/ml#5133-20ML4.VitroCol 人源I型胶原蛋白 #5007-20ML5. 弹性蛋白原 #5052-1MG6.ECMSelectArraykitUltra-36#5170-1EA7.CytoSoft(刚性可变的基底,AdvancedBioMatrix最新添加产品5190-7EA)8. 人III型胶原蛋白 #5021-10MG9. 人IV型胶原蛋白 #5022-5MG10.SilkFibroin溶液 #5154-20ML11.Fibronectin#5080-5MG12.Vitronectin#5051-0.1MG
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脑电波:
脑电波(Electroencephalogram,EEG)是大脑在活动时,大量神经元同步发生的突触后电位经总和后形成的。它记录大脑活动时的电波变化,是脑神经细胞的电生理活动在大脑皮层或头皮表面的总体反映。
脑电波来源于锥体细胞顶端树突的突触后电位。脑电波同步节律的形成还与皮层丘脑非特异性投射系统的活动有关。
脑电波是脑科学的基础理论研究,脑电波监测广泛运用于其临床实践应用中。
电子波
电子波是指电子产品等所发出的电子辐
电子波的害处
电脑及大多数家用电器设备等都是可以产生各种形式不同频率、不同强度的电磁辐射源。
电磁辐射--对人体机理的危害
电场辐射危害人体的机理主要是热效应、非热效应和累积效应等。
热效应:人体70%以上是水,水分子受到电子波辐射后相互摩擦,引起机体升温,从而影响到体内器官的正常工作。
非热效应:人体的器官和组织都存在微弱的电磁场,它们是稳定和有序的,一旦受到外界电场的干扰,处于平衡状态的微弱电场即将遭到破坏,人体也会遭受损伤。
累积效应:热效应和非热效应作用于人体后,对人体的伤害尚未来得及自我修复之前(通常所说的人体承受力---内抗力),再次受到电子波辐射的话,其伤害程度就会发生累积,久之会成为永久性病态,危及生命。对于长期接触电子波辐射的群体,即使功率很小,频率很低,也能诱发体内想不到的病变,应引起警惕。
先来个简单介绍:
电生理检查在临床中的应用
(electrophysiologicalexamination)
一、脑电图
脑电图(EEG)检查:是在头部按一定部位放置8-16个电极,经脑电图机将脑细胞固有的生物电活动放大并连续描记在纸上的图形。正常情况下,脑电图有一定的规律性,当脑部尤其是皮层有病变时,规律性受到破坏,波形即发生变化,对其波形进行分析,可辅助临床对及脑部疾病进行诊断。
脑波按其频率分为:δ波(1-3c/s)θ波(4-7c/s)、α波(8-13c/s)、β波(14-25c/s)γ波(25c/s以上),δ和θ波称为慢波,β和γ波称为快波。依年龄不同其基本波的频率也不同,如3岁以下小儿以δ波为主,3-6岁以θ波为主,随年龄增长,α波逐渐增多,到成年人时以α波为主,但年龄之间无明确的严格界限,如有的儿童4、5岁枕部α波已很明显。正常成年人在清醒、安静、闭眼时,脑波的基本节律是枕部α波为主,其他部位则是以α波间有少量慢波为主。判断脑波是否正常,主要是根据其年龄,对脑波的频率、波幅、两侧的对称性以及慢波的数量、部位、出现方式及有无病理波等进行分析。许多脑部病变可引起脑波的异常。如颅内占位性病变(尤其是皮层部位者)可有限局性慢波;散发性脑炎,绝大部分脑电图呈现弥漫性高波幅慢波;此外如脑血管病、炎症、外伤、代谢性脑病等都有各种不同程度的异常,但脑深部和线部位的病变阳性率很低。须加指出的是,脑电图表现没有特异性,必须结合临床进行综合判断,然而对于癫痫则有决定性的诊断价值,在阗痫发作间歇期,脑电图可有阵发性高幅慢波、棘波、尖波、棘一慢波综合等所谓“痛性放电”表现。为了提高脑电图的阳性率,可依据不同的病变部位采用不同的电极放置方法。如鼻咽电极、鼓膜电极和蝶骨电极,在开颅时也可将电极置于皮层(皮层电极)或埋入脑深部结构(深部电极);此外,还可使用各种诱发试验,如睁闭眼、过度换气、闪光刺激、睡眠诱发、剥夺睡眠诱发以及静脉注射美解眠等。但蝶骨电极和美解眠诱发试验等方法,可给病人带来痛苦和损害,须在有经验者指导下进行。随着科技的日益发展,近年来又有了遥控脑电图和24小时监测脑电图。
二、脑电地形图(BEAM)
是在EEG的基础上,将脑电信号输入电脑内进行再处理,通过模数转换和付立叶转换,将脑电信号转换为数字信号,处理成为脑电功率谱,按照不同频带进行分类,依功率的多少分级,最终使脑电信号转换成一种能够定量的二维脑波图像,此种图象能客观地反映各部电位变化的空间分布状态,其定量标志可以用数字或颜色表示,再用打印机打印在颅脑模式图上,或贮存在软盘上。它的优越性在于能发现EEG中较难判别的细微异常,提高了阳性率,且病变部位图象直观醒目,定位比较准确,从而客观对大脑机能进行评价。主要应用于缺血性脑血管病的早期诊断及疗效予后的评价,小儿脑发育与脑波变化的研究,视觉功能的研究,大浮肿瘤的定位以及精神药物的研究等。
三、脑磁图
电流在导体内流动进,导体周围可以产生磁场。同理,脑细胞的电活动也有极微弱的磁场,可用高灵敏度的磁场传感器予以检测,并记录其随时间变化的关系曲线,是即脑磁图,其图形与EEG图形相似。与EEG相比,优点是:可发现有临床意义而又不能被EEG记录到的波形,或检测到皮质局限性的异常电磁活动;此外,磁检器不与头皮接触,也减少了干扰造成的伪差。若与EEG同时描记,还可对不同物理方位的皮质群进行分析。但由于屏蔽、电磁装置以及其他设备复杂、昂贵,目前国内尚无此项设备。
四、诱发电位
给人体感官、感觉神经或运动皮质、运动神经以刺激,兴奋沿相应的神经通路向中枢或外周传导,在传导过程中,产生的不断组合传递的电位变化,即为诱发电位,对其加以分析,即或反映出不同部位的神经功能状态。由于诱发电位非常微小,须借助电脑对重复刺激的信号进行叠加处理,将其放大,并从淹没于肌电、脑电的背景中提取出来,才能加以描记。主要是对波形、主波的潜伏期、波峰间期和波幅等进行分析,为临床诊断提供参考,目前临床常用的有视觉、脑干听觉、体感、运动和事件相关诱发电位,以及视网膜图和耳蜗电图等,可分别反映视网膜、视觉通路、内耳、听神经、脑干、外周神经、脊髓后索、感觉皮质以及上下运动神经元的各种病变,事件相关诱发电位则用以判断患者的注意力和反应能力。诱发电位具有高度敏感性,对感觉障碍可进行客观评诂,对病变能进行定量判断。对心理精神领域可进行一定的检测,故当前广泛应用于对神经系统病变的早期诊断,病情随访,疗效判断,予后估计,神经系统发育情况的评估以及协助判断昏迷性质和脑死亡等。但图形无特异性,必须结合临床资料进行判断;不在有关神经传导径路中的病变,不能发现异常。近年,诱发电位的频谱分析和诱发电位地形图也在临床上逐渐开始应用,进一步提高了其临床应用价值。
五、肌电图(EMG)
是用肌电图仪记录神经和肌肉的生物电活动,对其波形进行测量分析,可以了解神经、肌肉的功能状态,协助对下运动神经元或肌肉疾病的诊断。目前常用的方法有三种:①针极肌电图:亦称普通肌电图,是将特制的针电极刺入肌腹,或用表面电极置于肌肉表面皮肤,在示波器上或记录纸上观察肌肉在静止、轻收缩、重收缩三种状态下的电位变化,以帮助判断疾病究系神经源性或肌源性损害。②神经传导速度测定:也即运动神经传导速度(MCV)和感觉神经传导速度(SCV)测定。系在神经干的近端(MCV)或远端(SCV)给以脉冲刺激,在远端效应肌(MCV)或近端神经走行部位(SCV)接收波形,测理两点之间的潜伏期和距离,即可计算出运动神经或感觉神经传导速度,主要用于了解神经传导功能情况。③其他:如重复频率试验,F波、H反射、牵张反射等检查以及单纤维肌电图检查等,可进一步了解神经、肌肉、神经一肌接头以及脊髓反射弧的功能状态。
六、脑阻抗血流图(REG)
是检查头部血管功能和供血情况的一种方法。其原理是通过放置在头部的电极给以微弱的高频电流,由于血液的电阻率最小,其电阻可随心动周期供血的变化而变化,这种节律性的阻抗变化,经血流图仪放大,可描记出波动性曲线,对其进行测量、计算、分析,可间接了解外周阻力、血管弹性和供血情况。本法简便易行,但因影响因素比较多,如情绪、气温、检查当时的血管功能状态等,故对其判断应加慎重。须结合临床症状,体征等进行判断。常用于脑动脉硬化、闭塞性脑血管病、偏头痛以及药物疗效观察等。
磁共振 CT 脑电图 多普勒 肌电图 诱发电位 脑脊液检查 血液检查。。。。。。。。。。。。
心内科
心脏电生理记录系统、有创血压监测系统、心脏射频消融仪、心电分析系统、多参数监护仪、医疗网络产品等。
产品主要用于心脏射频消融、心脏电生理检查、冠脉造影、经皮冠状动脉成型术、支架植入、二尖瓣球囊扩张等心脏介入手术;人体生理参数监测;心电图分析等
具体操作是:局麻下将3~4根电极导管经股静脉、锁骨下静脉送入冠状静脉窦、高位右心房及希氏束、右心室等部位,刺激心房和心室诱发与临床一致的心动过速,定位心动过速起源点,然后将消融用的电极导管送达已定位的起源点并与体外的射频发生器相连。放电后重复电生理检查,若不能诱发心动过速且临床随访无发作,则说明消融成功。
此方法治疗的疾病有:预激综合征和房室结双经路引起的阵发性室上性心动过速、房扑和房颤、室性心动过速及房性心动过速。
我现在手头上有“医疗器械分类规则(局令第15号)”单位没有说ⅠⅡⅢ类的事情?请教!
首先导管插入部位(腹股沟、手臂、肩膀或颈部)的皮肤消毒,局麻药进行局部麻醉;然后用穿刺针穿刺静脉/动脉血管,电生理检查导管通过血管插入心腔;心脏电生理检查所用的电极导管长而可弯的导管,能将电信号传入和传出心脏。电极导管记录心脏不同部位的电活动,并发放微弱的电刺激来刺激心脏,以便诱发心律失常,明确心动过速诊断;然后医生通过导管找到心脏异常电活动的确切部位(此过程称为“标测”),再通过消融仪发送射频电流消融治疗,从而根治心动过速。 血管穿刺并发症包括局部出血、血肿、感染、气胸、血栓形成、栓塞等,导管操作并发症包括主动脉瓣返流、心肌穿孔、心包填塞等,放电消融并发症包括房室传导阻滞、心肌梗死等。向左转|向右转

