
ProTx-III,newselectiveNav1.7blocker
ProTx-III (µ-TRTX-Tp1a;belongstoNaSpTxfamily1)hasbeenisolatedfromthevenomofthePeruviangreen-velvettarantulaThrixopelmapruriensattheUniversityofQueensland(Australia).ProTx-IIIhasbeendescribedtobeaselectiveinhibitorofNav1.7withanIC50valuearound2nM.ThesyntheticversionofTp1aproducedbySmartoxyieldssimilarresultsintermsofNav1.7inhibition(seeFigure1).QueenslandscientistshavedescribedthatProTx-III inducesnosignificantchangesinthevoltagedependenceofactivationorsteady-stateinactivationofNav1.7.ProTx-III alsoinhibitsNav1.1,Nav1.2 andNav1.6atnanomolarconcentrations anddoesnotaffectsCavchannelsandnicotinicacetylcholinereceptors. ProTx-IIIdemonstratesanalgesicpropertiesinvivowheninjectedintraplantaryinmicepriortreatmentwithOD1,anactivatorofNav1.7,whichinducesspontaneouspain.
Fig1:effectof5nMSmartoxProTx-IIIonhNav1.7current studiedbyelicitingvoltagestepsfrom-60to+40mVataholdingpotentialof-90mV.
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Description:
AAsequence: Asp-Cys2-Leu-Lys-Phe-Gly-Trp-Lys-Cys9-Asn-Pro-Arg-Asn-Asp-Lys-Cys16-Cys17-Ser-Gly-Leu-Lys-Cys22-Gly-Ser-Asn-His-Asn-Trp-Cys29-Lys-Leu-His-Ile-NH2
Disulfidebonds: Cys2-Cys17,Cys9-Cys22,Cys16-Cys29
Length(aa):33
Formula: C162H246N52O43S6
Appearance:Whitelyophilizedsolid
CASnumber:
MolecularWeight:3802.47Da
Source:Synthetic
Solubility:Waterorsalinebuffer,5mg/mLmaximum(recommendation)
Counterion:TFAsalts
Reference:
IdentificationandCharacterizationofProTx-III
Spidervenomsarearichsourceofionchannelmodulatorswiththerapeuticpotential.Giventheanalgesicpotentialofsubtype-selectiveinhibitorsofvoltage-gatedsodium(NaV)channels,wescreenedspidervenomsforinhibitorsofhumanNaV1.7(hNaV1.7)usingahigh-throughputfluorescentassay.Here,wedescribethediscoveryofanovelNaV1.7inhibitor,μ-TRTX-Tp1a(Tp1a),isolatedfromthevenomofthePeruviangreen-velvettarantulaThrixopelmapruriens.Recombinantandsyntheticformsofthis33-residuepeptidepreferentiallyinhibitedhNaV1.7>hNaV1.6>hNaV1.2>hNaV1.1>hNaV1.3channelsinfluorescentassays.NaV1.7inhibitionwasdiminished(IC5011.5nM)andtheassociationratedecreasedfortheC-terminalacidformofTp1acomparedwiththenativeamidatedform(IC502.1nM),suggestingthatthepeptideCterminuscontributestoitsinteractionwithhNaV1.7.Tp1ahadnoeffectonhumanvoltage-gatedcalciumchannelsornicotinicacetylcholinereceptorsat5μM.UnlikemostspidertoxinsthatmodulateNaVchannels,Tp1ainhibitedhNaV1.7withoutsignificantlyalteringthevoltagedependenceofactivationorinactivation.Tp1aprovedtobeanalgesicbyreversingspontaneouspaininducedinmicebyintraplantarinjectioninOD1,ascorpiontoxinthatpotentiateshNaV1.7.ThestructureofTp1aasdeterminedusingNMRspectroscopyrevealedaclassicinhibitorcystineknot(ICK)motif.ThemolecularsurfaceofTp1apresentsahydrophobicpatchsurroundedbypositivelychargedresidues,withsubtledifferencesfromotherICKspidertoxinsthatmightcontributetoitsdifferentpharmacologicalprofile.Tp1amayhelpguidethedevelopmentofmoreselectiveandpotenthNaV1.7inhibitorsfortreatmentofchronicpain.
FernandaC.,etal.(2015)IdentificationandCharacterizationofProTx-III[m-TRTX-Tp1a],aNewVoltage-GatedSodiumChannelInhibitorfromVenomoftheTarantulaThrixopelmapruriens.PMID: 25979003
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pH(1)=pKa+lg[c(CH₃COONa)/c(CH₃COOH)]=pKa=4.74
通HCl后,溶液是c(CH₃COOH)=0.2mol/L、c(NaCl)=0.1mol/L的混合溶液,溶液pH按照弱酸溶液pH的求法求.
c(H⁺)=√[Ka*c(CH₃COOH)]=√(10^-4.74*0.2)=0.00191(mol/L)(采用了近似公式)
pH(2)=-lg{c(H⁺)}=2.72
两个pH求得,那么pH的变化量也就可得了.pH的变化量=|pH(2)-pH(1)|=|2.72-4.74|=2.02
1)PH缓冲溶液作用原理和pH值
当往某些溶液中加入一定量的酸和碱时,有阻碍溶液pH变化的作用,称为缓冲作用,这样的溶液叫做缓冲溶液.弱酸及其盐的混合溶液(如HAc与NaAc),弱碱及其盐的混合溶液(如NH3·H2O与NH4Cl)等都是缓冲溶液.
由弱酸HA及其盐NaA所组成的缓冲溶液对酸的缓冲作用,是由于溶液中存在足够量的碱A-的缘故.当向这种溶液中加入一定量的强酸时,H离子基本上被A-离子消耗:
所以溶液的pH值几乎不变;当加入一定量强碱时,溶液中存在的弱酸HA消耗OH-离子而阻碍pH的变化.
2)PH缓冲溶液的缓冲能力
在缓冲溶液中加入少量强酸或强碱,其溶液pH值变化不大,但若加入酸,碱的量多时,缓冲溶液就失去了它的缓冲作用.这说明它的缓冲能力是有一定限度的.
缓冲溶液的缓冲能力与组成缓冲溶液的组分浓度有关.0.1mol·L-1HAc和0.1mol·L-1NaAc组成的缓冲溶液,比0.01mol·L-1HAc和0.01mol·L-1NaAc的缓冲溶液缓冲能力大.关于这一点通过计算便可证实.但缓冲溶液组分的浓度不能太大,否则,不能忽视离子间的作用.
组成缓冲溶液的两组分的比值不为1∶1时,缓冲作用减小,缓冲能力降低,当c(盐)/c(酸)为1∶1时△pH最小,缓冲能力大.不论对于酸或碱都有较大的缓冲作用.缓冲溶液的pH值可用下式计算:
此时缓冲能力大.缓冲组分的比值离1∶1愈远,缓冲能力愈小,甚至不能起缓冲作用.对于任何缓冲体系,存在有效缓冲范围,这个范围大致在pKaφ(或pKbφ)两侧各一个pH单位之内.
弱酸及其盐(弱酸及其共轭碱)体系pH=pKaφ±1
弱碱及其盐(弱碱及其共轭酸)体系pOH=pKbφ±1
例如HAc的pKaφ为4.76,所以用HAc和NaAc适宜于配制pH为3.76~5.76的缓冲溶液,在这个范围内有较大的缓冲作用.配制pH=4.76的缓冲溶液时缓冲能力最大,此时(c(HAc)/c(NaAc)=1.
3)PH缓冲溶液的配制和应用
为了配制一定pH的缓冲溶液,首先选定一个弱酸,它的pKaφ尽可能接近所需配制的缓冲溶液的pH值,然后计算酸与碱的浓度比,根据此浓度比便可配制所需缓冲溶液.
以上主要以弱酸及其盐组成的缓冲溶液为例说明它的作用原理、pH计算和配制方法.对于弱碱及其盐组成的缓冲溶液可采用相同的方法.
PH缓冲溶液在物质分离和成分分析等方面应用广泛,如鉴定Mg2离子时,可用下面的反应:
白色磷酸铵镁沉淀溶于酸,故反应需在碱性溶液中进行,但碱性太强,可能生成白色Mg(OH)2沉淀,所以反应的pH值需控制在一定范围内,因此利用NH3·H2O和NH4Cl组成的缓冲溶液,保持溶液的pH值条件下,进行上述反应.
这就是说不用酸碱预处理吗?
Whatman的网站上没有DE52最大耐受压力,请问又经验的战友应该是多少?
Whatman的网站上:
DE32DryMicrogranularDEAECellulose
SimilarperformancecharacteristicsafterprecyclingasDE52.
DE52PreswollenMicrogranularDEAECellulose
ProbablythemostwidelyusedDEAEcelluloseintheworld;usedforbiopolymerswithlowtohighnegativecharges;exhibitsexcellentresolutionwithgoodflowrates.
附件是一本图书(MethodsinMolecularMedicine,)的章节,上面说:
WhatmanDEAE52comesalreadypreswollenandonlyneedstobetransferred
totherunningbuffer50mMTE8.
lAntibodiesUsingIonExchangeChromatography.pdf(87.06k)
是否可以理解为纯化水得PH范围为6.3-7.6?能否直接用pH计测量?谢谢!


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