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这个“类”是什么意思?
作者、斯坦福大学医学中心的梅斯勒(AnnaH.Messner)和同事解释,有多个研究曾检查了在扁桃体切除手术前使用类固醇类药的情况,但得到的结果不一。据他们在8月《耳鼻喉、头、颈外科文献》(ArchOtolaryngolHeadNeckSurg2004;130:917-921)上发表的论文说,他们对这种病人进行了一项最大的前瞻性、随机、双盲研究。
共219名9个月至12岁的参试者被随机分为或用地塞米松1mg/kg,最大剂量至50mg(n=106),或用安慰剂(n=113)。在药物组中,62人进行的扁桃体切除术采用的是电烧烙法,44人采用的是锐性分离。安慰剂两种方法分别为56人和57人。术后第一天,类固醇组医生评定的Wong-Baker可视模拟量表上的疼痛分平均为4.4,安慰剂组5.3(p<0.001);前组家长评估的疼痛分(p=0.002)和病儿自己评估的疼痛分((p=0.002))也明显更低。类固醇组有1.2次呕吐发作,安慰剂组2.1次(p=0.02),前组也更快地恢复了正常进食(=0.004)。另外,作者还发现,进行锐性分离的病人使用类固醇受益最大,医生和家长评估的疼痛分显著低于电烧烙组。
“我们的研究结果支持在进行扁桃体手术时以1mg/kg的剂量IV地塞米松”,研究者总结。
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/31/8/1479
OBJECTIVE—Hyperglycemiaisariskfactorformicrovascularcomplicationsandmayincreasetheriskofcardiovasculardiseaseinpatientswithtype2diabetes.ThisstudytestedtheLDLcholesterol–loweringagentcolesevelamHCl(colesevelam)asapotentialnoveltreatmentforimprovingglycemiccontrolinpatientswithtype2diabetesonsulfonylurea-basedtherapy.
RESEARCHDESIGNANDMETHODS—A26-week,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-group,multicenterstudywascarriedoutbetweenAugust2004andAugust2006toevaluatetheefficacyandsafetyofcolesevelamforreducingA1Cinadultswithtype2diabeteswhoseglycemiccontrolwasinadequate(A1C7.5–9.5%)withexistingsulfonylureamonotherapyorsulfonylureaincombinationwithadditionaloralanti-diabetesagents.Intotal,461patientswererandomized(230givencolesevelam3.75g/dayand231givenplacebo).Theprimaryefficacymeasurementwasmeanplacebo-correctedchangeinA1Cfrombaselinetoweek26intheintent-to-treatpopulation(lastobservationcarriedforward).
RESULTS—Theleastsquares(LS)meanchangeinA1Cfrombaselinetoweek26was–0.32%inthecolesevelamgroupand+0.23%intheplacebogroup,resultinginatreatmentdifferenceof–0.54%(P<0.001).TheLSmeanpercentchangeinLDLcholesterolfrombaselinetoweek26was–16.1%inthecolesevelamgroupand+0.6%intheplacebogroup,resultinginatreatmentdifferenceof–16.7%(P<0.001).FurThermore,significantreductionsinfastingplasmaglucose,fructosamine,totalcholesterol,non–HDLcholesterol,andapolipoproteinBweredemonstratedinthecolesevelamrelativetoplacebogroupatweek26.
CONCLUSIONS—ColesevelamimprovedglycemiccontrolandreducedLDLcholesterollevelsinpatientswithtype2diabetesreceivingsulfonylurea-basedtherapy.
B、是重要的储能物质,磷脂为构成生物膜的重要成分,固醇为动物细胞膜的构成物质及形成激素等,B错误;
C、蛋白质是细胞代谢的主要结构物质,糖类是细胞代谢的主要能源物质C错误;
D、ATP的结构简式是 A-P~P~P,其中A代表腺苷,腺苷是构成ATP的重要部分,D正确.
故选:D.

