- Species ReactivityRhesus Macaque
- SpecificityDetects rhesus macaque TNF-alphain direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, 10‑25% cross‑reactivity with recombinant human (rh) TNF-alphaand recombinant porcine TNF-alpha is observed and no cross-reactivity with rhEDA-A2, recombinant mouse (rm) EDA, rhAPRIL, rhBAFF, rhFas L, rhGITR L, rhLIGHT, rhLymphotoxinalpha 1 beta 2, rhLymphotoxinalpha 2 beta 1, rhOX40 L, recombinant cotton rat TNF-alpha, rmTNF-alpha, recombinant rat TNF-alpha, rhTRAIL, rhTRANCE, and rhTWEAK is observed.
- SourceMonoclonal Rat IgG1 Clone # 182309
- PurificationProtein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant
- ImmunogenE. coli-derived recombinant rhesus macaque TNF-alpha
Val77-Leu233
Accession # P48094 - FormulationLyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
- Endotoxin Level<0.10 eu="" per="" 1="" μg="" of="" the="" antibody="" by="" the="" lal="">
- LabelUnconjugated
- NeutralizationMeasured by its ability to neutralize TNF‑ alpha -induced cytotoxicity in the L‑929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Matthews, N. and M. L. Neale (1987) in Lymphokines and Interferons, A Practical Approach. Clemens, M. J. et al. (eds): IRL Press. 221. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.2-0.8 µg/mL in the presence of 1 ng/mL Recombinant Rhesus Macaque TNF‑ alphaand 1 µg/mL actinomycin D.
- ReconstitutionReconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
- ShippingThe product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C
- Stability & StorageUse a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- Idriss, H.T. and J.H. Naismith (2000) Microsc. Res. Tech. 50:184.
- Hehlgans, T. and K. Pfeffer (2005) Immunology 115:1.
- Villinger, F. et al. (1995) J. Immunol. 155:3946.
- Tang, P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8216.
- Eissner G. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:353.
- Black, R.A. et al. (1997) Nature 385:729.
- Moss, M.L. et al. (1997) Nature 385:733.
- Loetscher, H. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:18324.
- Clark, I.A. (2007) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 18:335.
- Romanatto, T. et al. (2007) Peptides 28:1050.
- Hector, J. et al. (2007) Horm. Metab. Res. 39:250.
- Long Name:Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
- Entrez Gene IDs:7124 (Human); 21926 (Mouse); 24835 (Rat); 397086 (Porcine); 280943 (Bovine); 403922 (Canine); 100033834 (Equine); 493755 (Feline); 100009088 (Rabbit)
- Alternate Names:APC1 protein; Cachectin; Cachetin; DIF; TNF; TNF, monocyte-derived; tnfa; tnf-a; TNFalpha; TNF-alpha; TNF-alphacachectin; TNFATNF, macrophage-derived; TNFSF1A; TNFSF2; TNFSF2TNF superfamily, member 2; tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2); tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Background:
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development. TNF-alphais produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types (1, 2). Rhesus TNF-alphaconsisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 177 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (3). Within the ECD, rhesus TNF-alphashares 97% aa sequence identity with human and 71%‑92% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat TNF-alpha. The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer (4). Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte costimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness (5). Cleavage of membrane bound TNF-alphaby TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNF-alpha(6, 7). TNF-alphatrimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers (1, 8). TNF-alpharegulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis (2). It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages (2). TNF-alphais a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders (9). It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism (10, 11).
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