
Product Specifications:
Item# 1005 : Recombinant p17 HIV-1 Core Protein
Concentration: See vial
Mass/vial: See vial
Volume/vial: 1ml
Diluent: MES Buffer, pH. 6.5
Purity: >95%
Stabilizer: None
Preservative: None
Storage: -75°C
Physical State: Frozen Liquid
Stability: At least 24 months at -75°C.
Application: ELISA, Western ELISA, Diagnostics
Description: Recombinant HIV-1 p17 is expressed as a Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protien produced in the E.coli expression system.
Purification: This protein is purified by GST-agarose affinity chromotography and p17 is cleaved from the fusion protein by using Factor Xa. GST is removed from the mixture by a second passage through GST-agarose.
Specificity: This protein binds to HIV-1 positive human serum polyclonal antibodies in ELISA and Western ELISA.
Biological Activity: Recombinant p17 core protein contains authentic N and C termini which is normally processed from the sequence of the matrix antigen with relevant HIV-1 protease.
Application and Instructions for use
Recommended concentrations for use are approximate values. A dose dependent response assay should be performed to determine the optimal concentration for use in specific applications. Dilute p17 stock solution in MES buffer immediately before use. ELISA assays may be performed with p17 in solid phase in 10-100ng range. Western ELISA may be performed in 100-500ng depending on the specificity of the primary antibody used in the test system.
Glossary
Gene and Gene Products
Structural Proteins: Structural proteins – the products of gag, pol and env genes, which are essential components of the retroviral particle.
Regulatory Proteins: Regulatory proteins – tat and rev proteins of HIV/SIV and tax and rex proteins of HTLVs; essential for viral expression in infected cells.
Accessory Proteins: Accessory proteins – additional (non-regulatory) virion – and non virion-associated proteins produced by HIV/SIV retroviruses: vif, vpr, vpu, vpx, and nef. Although, the accessory proteins are not necessary for viral propagation in tissue culture, they have been conserved in the different isolates; this conservation and experimental observations suggest that their role in vivo is very important.
gag
gag – group-sepecifc antigens or capsid proteins; the precursor is the p55 myristoylated protein, which is processed to p17 (Matrix) p24 (Capsid) and p7 (NucleoCapsid) proteins by the viral protease. Other small proteins are generated from the gag polyprotein.
pol
pol – (p66) generates the viral enzymes protease (p11), reverse transcriptase (p51), endonuclease and integrase (p32) after the processing of a gag-pol precursor polyprotein by the viral protease; gag-pol precursor is produced by ribosome frameshifting.
env
env – viral glycoproteins produced as a precursor (gp160) and processed to the external glycoprotein (gp120) and the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41). The mature proteins are held together by noncovalent interactions; as a result substantial amount of gp120 is released extracellularly. The external glycoprotein (gp120) contains the binding site for the CD4 receptor.
tat
tat – transactivator of HIV gene expression; one of the two necessary viral regulatory factors (tat and rev) for HIV gene expression. Two forms are known, tat-1 exon (minor form) of 72 amino acids, and tat-2 exon (major form) of 86 amino acids. The electrophoretic mobility of these two forms in SDS gels is anomalous; they are approximately 16 kD and 14 kD in weight. Low levels of both proteins are found in persistently infected cells. tat is localized primarily in the nucleolus/nucleus; it acts by binding to the TAR RNA element and activating transcription from the LTR promoter. Post-transcriptional effects of tat have been postulated.
rev
rev – the second necessary regulatory factor for HIV expression. A 19 kD phosphoprotein localized primarily in the nucleolus/nucleus, rev acts by binding to RRE and promoting the nuclear export, stabilization and utilization of the viral mRNAs containing RRE.
vif
vif – viral infectivity factor, typically 23 kD; required for the efficient transmission of cell-free virus in tissue culture. In the absence of vif, the produced viral particles are defective, while the cell-to-cell transmission of virus is not affected significantly. It has been reported that the cellular localization is in the Golgi (vif is not found in the virion).
nef
nef – approximately 27 kD non-virion protein found in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Potentially myristoylated and associated with the inner plasma membrane. One of the first HIV proteins to be produced in the infected cells, it is the most immunogenic of the accessory proteins and may be used in the future for diagnosis and staging of the disease. NEF is dispensable and probably suffers counter-selection during ex vivo viral propagation in vivo. Recent evidence suggests that SIV nef is required for viral propagation in vivo.
vpr
vpr – virion-associated protein of unknown function found in HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVmac, and SIVmnd; typically 15 kD. May be homologous to vpx. Also called “rap” for rapid.
vpu
vpu – protein that promotes extracellular release of viral particles. Found only in HIV-1. Integral membrane phosphoprotein of 16kd; similar to M2 protein of influenza virus. It may be involved in env maturation. It is not found in the virion.
vpx
vpx – virion protein of 12 kD found only in HIV-2 infection. (vpx may have some homology with vpr).
Related research paper:
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3KW的罗茨真空泵600m³/h
3KW的旋片式真空泵108m³/h
预冻的时候放在液氮里,拿出来时管上包的膜会脱落,没有膜敞口冻干的话会有影响吗?
气体传输泵是一种能使气体不断的吸入和排出,借以达到抽气目的的真空泵,这种泵基本上有两种类型:
变容真空泵
利用泵腔容积的周期性变化来完成吸气和排气过程的一种真空泵,气体在排出前被压缩。这种泵分为往复式及旋片式两种:
(1) 往复式真空泵:是利用泵腔内活塞做往复式运动,将气体吸入、压缩并排出。因此,又称为活塞式真空泵。
(2) 旋片式真空泵:是利用泵腔内活塞做旋转运动,将气体吸入、压缩并排出。旋转真空泵又有如下几种形式:
① 油封式真空泵:它是利用油类密封各运动部件之间的间隙,减少有害空间的一种旋转变容真空泵。这种泵通常带有气镇装置,故又称气镇式真空泵。按其结构特点分为如下五种形式。
a旋片式真空泵:转子以一定的偏心距装在泵壳内并与泵壳内表面的固定面靠近,在转子槽内装有两个(或两个以上)旋片,当转子旋转时旋片能沿其径向槽往复滑动且与泵壳内壁始终接触,此旋片随转子一起旋转,可将泵腔分成几个可变容积。
b.滑阀式真空泵:在偏心转子外部装有一个滑阀,转子旋转带动滑阀沿泵壳内壁滑动和滚动,滑阀上部的滑阀杆能在可摆动的滑阀导轨中滑动,而泵腔分成两个可变容积。
c.定片式真空泵:在泵壳内装有一个与泵内表面靠近的偏心转子,泵壳上装有一个始终与转子表面接触的径向滑片,当转子旋转时,滑片能上下滑动将泵腔分成两个可变容积。
d.余摆线式真空泵:在泵腔内偏心装有一个型线为余摆线的转子,它沿泵腔内壁转动并将泵腔分成两个可变容积。
e.多室旋片式真空泵:在一个泵壳内并联装有由同一个电动机驱动的多个独立工作室的旋片真空泵。
②干式螺杆真空泵:它是一种不用油类(或液体)密封的变容真空泵。
③液环式真空泵:带有多叶片的转子偏心装在泵壳内,当它旋转时,把液体(通常为水或油)抛向泵壳内形成泵壳同心的环液,环液同转子叶片形成了容积周期性变化的几个小容积,故亦称旋转变容真空泵。
④罗茨真空泵:泵内装有两个相反方向同步旋转的双叶形或多叶形的转子,转子间、转子同泵壳内壁之间均保持一定的间隙。它属于旋转变容真空泵。机械增压泵即为这种形式的真空泵。
动量传输泵:这种泵是依靠高速旋转的叶片或高速射流,把动量传输给气体或气体分子,使气体连续不断地从泵的入口传输到出口。具体可分为下述几种类型。
(1) 分子真空泵:它是利用高速旋转的转子把能量传输给气体分子,使之压缩、排气的一种真空泵。它有如下几种型式:
① 牵引分子泵:气体分子与高速运动的转子相碰撞而获得力量,被送到出口,因此,是一种动量传输泵。
②涡轮分子泵:泵内装有带槽的圆盘或带叶片的转子,它在定子圆盘(或定片)间旋转。转子圆周的线速度很高。这种泵通常在分子流状态下工作。
③ 复合分子泵:它是由涡轮式和牵引式两种分子泵串联起来的一种复合式分子真空泵。
(2) 喷射真空泵:它是利用文丘里(VENTURI)效应的压力降生产的高速射流把气体输送到出口的一种动量传输泵,适于在粘滞留和过渡流状态下工作。这种泵又可详细地分成以下几种:
① 液体喷射真空泵:以液体(通常为水)为工作介质的喷射真空泵。
② 气体喷射真空泵:以非可凝性气体作为工作介质的喷射真空泵。
③ 蒸汽喷射真空泵:以蒸汽(水、油或汞蒸汽)作为工作介质的饿喷射真空泵
(3) 扩散泵:以低压高速蒸汽流(油或汞等蒸汽)作为工作介质的喷射真空泵。气体分子扩散到蒸汽射流中,被送到出口。在射流中气体分子密度始终是很低的,这种泵适于在分子流状态下工作。可分为:
① 自净化扩散泵:泵液中易挥发的杂质经专门的机械输送到出口而不回到锅炉中的一种油扩散泵
② 分馏式扩散泵:这种泵具有分馏装置,使蒸汽压强较低的工作液蒸汽进入高真空工作的喷嘴,而蒸汽压强较高的工作液蒸汽进入低真空工作的喷嘴,它是一种多级油扩散泵。
(4) 扩散喷射泵:它是一种有扩散泵特性的单级或多级喷嘴与具有喷射真空泵特性的单级或多级喷嘴串联组成的一种动量传输泵。油增压泵即属于这种形式。
(5) 离子传输泵:它是将被电离的气体在电磁场或电场的作用下,输送到出口的一种动量传输泵。
气体捕集泵
这种泵是一种是气体分子被吸附或凝结在泵的内表面上,从而减小了容器内的气体分子数目而达到抽气目的的真空泵,有以下几种型式。
吸附泵:它主要依靠具有大表面的吸附剂(如多孔物质)的物理吸附作用来抽气的一种捕集式真空泵
吸气剂泵:它是一种利用吸气剂以化学结合方式捕获气体的真空泵。吸气剂通常是以块状或沉积新鲜薄膜形式存在的金属或合金。升华泵即属于这种形式。
吸气剂离子泵:它是使被电离的气体通过电磁场或电场的作用吸附在有吸气材料的表面上,以达到抽气的目的。它有如下几种型式。
(1)蒸发离子泵:泵内被电离的气体吸附在以间断或连续方式升华(或蒸发)而覆在泵内壁的吸气材料上,以实现抽气的一种真空泵。
(2)溅射离子泵:泵内被电离的气体吸附在由阴极连续溅射散出来的吸气材料上,以实现抽气目的的一种真空泵。
低温泵:利用低温表面捕集气体的真空泵
按其真空度可以分为:粗真空、高真空、超高真空三大类。
粗真空系
主要用来抽除空气和其它有一定腐蚀性、不溶于水、允许含有少量固体颗粒的气体。广泛用于食品、纺织、医药、化工等行业的真空蒸发、浓缩、浸渍、干燥等工艺过程中。该型泵具有真空度高、结构简单,使用方便、工作可靠、维护方便的特点。
主要用于粗真空。抽气量大的工艺过程中。它主要用来抽除空气和其它无腐蚀,不溶于水,含有少量固体颗粒的气体,以便在密闭容器中形成真空。所吸气体中允许混有少量液体。它被广泛应用于机械、制药、食品、石油化工等行业中。
是获得粗真空的主要真空设备之一。广泛应用于化工、食品、建材等部门,特别是在真空结晶、干燥、过滤、蒸发等工艺过程中更为适宜。
无油(耐腐蚀)立式往复真空泵是卧式真空泵的更新换代产品,是获得粗真空的主要设备。由于采用全密封装置,实现了曲轴箱和汽缸的完全隔离;加上活塞环使用了自润滑材料,便实现了先进的无油润滑。由于无污水排放,所以该型真空泵特别适用于化工、医药和食品等行业的真空蒸馏、真空蒸发、真空干燥、真空浓缩、真空浸渍等工艺过程中。
高真空系
滑阀式真空泵
(Rotary Piston Vacuum Pump)
广泛应用于真空拉晶、真空镀膜、真空冶金、真空热处理、真空浸渍、真空干燥、真空蒸馏、真空练泥、航空航天模拟试验等新材料、新技术、新工艺的生产与研制中。
滑阀真空泵可单独使用,也可作为罗茨真空泵、油增压泵、油扩散泵的前级泵的使用。当抽吸对黑色金属有腐蚀、对真空油起化学反应、含大量蒸汽、大量粉尘的气体时,需附加装置。优点:相比旋片式真空泵耐用性要高好几倍且抽气速率大,价格相对高一点。
用来抽除密闭容器的气体的基本设备之一。它可以单独使用,也可作为增压泵、扩散泵、分子泵的前级泵使用。该型泵广泛应用于冶金、机械、电子、化工、石油、医药等行业的真空冶炼、真空镀膜、真空热处理,真空干燥等工艺过程中。
旋片式真空泵
( Sliding Vane Rotary Vacuum Pump )
具有结构紧凑,体积小,重量轻,噪音低,振动小等优点。所以,它适用于作扩散泵的前级泵,而且更适用于精密仪器配套和实验室使用。例如:质谱仪器,冰箱流水线,真空冷冻干燥机等。
罗茨真空泵
( Roots Vacuum Pump )
是一种旋转式变容真空泵,须有前级泵配合方可使用在较宽的压力范围内,有较大的抽速,对被抽除气体中含有灰尘和水蒸汽不敏感。广泛用于冶金、化工、食品、电子镀膜等行业。主要用于真空机组的主泵,需要用前级泵辅助。如:水环式真空泵,滑阀真空泵,立式无油真空泵,分子真空泵等。国内最大罗茨真空泵保持纪录为20000L/S。向左转|向右转
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