
Description | YeastSUMOprotease(alsoknownasUlp),isahighlyactivieandrobustcysteinylproteaseencodedbytheUbl-specificprotease1genefromSaccharomycescerevisiae.ThereareasmanyassixSUMOproteasesinhuman(SENP1–3,SENP5–7).BothhumanandyeastSUMOproteasesrecognizethetertiarystructureoftheubiquitin-like(UBL)protein,i.e.,SUMO-1,SUMO-2andSUMO-3,ratherthanashortstretchofaminoacidsequence,consequently,theseSUMOproteaseswillnotcleavewithinthefusedproteinofinterest.TurboSUMOProteaseisamixtureofcorecatalyticproteasesofbothhumanSENP2andyeastUlp1SUMOproteins,thusSUMO-fusionproteinscanbedigestedbytheTurboSUMOProteaseateither~15°Covernightorat30°Cforafewhours.Afterdigestion,TurboSUMOProteasecanbeeasilyremovedfromthecleavagereactionusingNiagarosebeads |
Application | RemovalofSUMOtagfromfusionproteins |
Source | E.coliover-expressingtheC-terminalSENP2andUlp1catalyticproteasedomainsfromhumanandSaccharomycescerevisiae,respectively. |
Purification | FPLC |
Purity | >95%bySDS-PAGE |
Components | 10U/µlTurboSUMOProteasein50mMHepes,pH7.5,150mMNaCl,0.5mMDTT,50%glycerol |
UnitDefinition | OneunitofSUMOProteaseisdefinedastheamountofenzymeneededtocleave85%of2µgofsubstrateproteinat30°Cor15°Cinonehour |
RecommendedReactionCondition | SUMOProtease:Add1unitto2µgoftargetSUMOfusionprotein Buffer:50mMTris-HCl,pH8.0,0.1%Igepal(NP-40),150mMNaCl,1mMDTT Temperature:30°C(1~3hours),15°C(overnight) OptimalSaltConcentration:imidazole:<150mM;NaCl:<300mM |
Storage | -20°C,orat–80°Cforlong-termstorage |
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非病理原因导致转氨酶高得情况
1、健康人如果剧烈运动后检查转氨酶就会发现转氨酶升高。
2、如果过于劳累,会导致转氨酶升高。
3、检查前如果吃过油腻的食物或酗酒都会导致转氨酶升高。
4、怀孕的人,也会导致内分泌失调,使得转氨酶升高;
5、营养不足 饮食结构不合理如低蛋白饮食,尤其是当食物中缺乏胱氨酸、维生素E时,亦可使ALT升高。
6、日常服用的药物所产生的副作用也会导致转氨酶升高,比如红霉素、安眠药、解热镇痛药、避孕药膏还有半夏、槟榔、青黛等中药。
病理性原因导致转氨酶高得情况
1、病毒性肝炎这是引起转氨酶高常见的疾病,其他类型的肝炎也可导致转氨酶高。
2、多种药物和化学制剂都能引起转氨酶高,但停药后可恢复正常。
3、肝硬化与肝癌肝硬化活动时,一般都会出现转氨酶高。
4、胆道疾病如胆囊炎、胆石症急性发作时,除伴有发热、腹痛、恶心、呕吐、黄疸等情况外,还可引起血胆红素及转氨酶高。转氨酶是从胆管排出的,如果有胆管、胆囊及胰腺疾患,胆管梗阻,也可使转氨酶升高。病床上常见的有胆囊炎、胆管蛔虫、肝胆管结石、胆囊及胆管肿瘤、壶腹部周围癌症、先天性胆管扩张症、急慢性胰腺炎、胰头痛以及出血坏死性胰腺炎。
5、心脏疾病急性心肌梗塞、心肌炎、心力衰竭时,可引起转氨酶高。
6、其他某些感染性疾病,:除肝脏外,体内其他脏器组织如心、肾、肺、脑、睾丸、肌肉也都含有此酶。因此,当心肌炎、肾盂肾炎、大叶性肺炎、肺结核、多发性肌炎、甲状腺功能亢进症、急性败血症、肠伤寒、流脑、疟疾、钩端螺旋体病、流行性感冒、麻疹、血吸虫病、挤压综合征等患者中,亦可见血中转氨酶升高。
7、是否服用过对肝脏有损害的药物,如果有,一定要注意药物性肝炎的可能;
8、女性还要注意有无自身免疫性肝炎的可能,检查自身免疫抗体(抗核抗体、抗平滑肌抗体等)是否为阳性;
9、既往是否有胆囊炎、心脏病、肾炎等疾病,这些病也可以引起转氨酶升高;
综上所述,引起转氨酶升高的原因很多,必须认真检查,明确病因,针对病因加以治疗。
转氨酶水平在0—40之间是正常的。如果超出正常范围,医生会建议再查一次,排除由于实验室设备故障和操作错误等因素造成误差的可能。如果转氨酶水平还高,多半是由病毒性肝炎或其他肝病所致。但要确定是不是病毒性肝炎,还需要做其他检查,结合病史、症状、体征等全面分析。展开
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Exercisedampensaromataseinhibitor–relatedjointpain
http://www.internalmedicinenews.com/specialty-focus/oncology-hematology/single-article-page/exercise-dampens-aromatase-inhibitor-related-joint-pain/33383ff19a0cd42399a7cf8590708ebf.html
SANANTONIO–Adoptingastandardexerciseprogramresultedinaclinicallymeaningful30%reductioninaromataseinhibitor-associatedjointpaininbreastcancerpatientswhoparticipatedinayear-longrandomizedtrial.
TheexerciseprescriptionutilizedintheHOPE(HormonesandPhysicalExercise)trialwaswhat’srecommendedinnationalguidelinesbothforcancersurvivorsandhealthyadults:150minutesperweekofatleastmoderate-intensityaerobicactivity,suchasbriskwalking,alongwithtwostrength-trainingsessionsperweek,MelindaL.Irwin,Ph.D.,explainedattheSanAntonioBreastCancerSymposium.
TheHOPEstudiesenrolled121postmenopausalwomenwhohadstage1-3,hormonereceptor–positivebreastcancersandwerephysicallyinactiveandoverweightyetphysicallyabletoexercise.Atenrollment,theywereexperiencingmoderatearomataseinhibitor(AI)–associatedjointpain,definedasascoreof5-7onthe0-10BriefPainInventory(BPI),afterabout18monthsonthemedication.Roughlytwo-thirdsofparticipantshadnohistoryofjointpainpriortostartingAItherapy;therestreportedtheAIexacerbatedtheirpreexistingjointpain.Subjectswererandomizedtotheexerciseprogramortousualcare,whichincludedwritteninformationabouttheimportanceofexercise.
Theprimarystudyendpointwasthe12-monthchangeinBPIworstpainscore,whichdroppedbyanaverageof30%amongtheexercisegroup.Thistranslatedtoanimprovementinpainlevelfrommoderateatbaselinetomildatfollow-up.Inaddition,BPIscoresratingpainseverityandpaininterferenceimprovedbyabout20%.Incontrast,patientsintheusualcarecontrolgroupexperiencedaslightincreaseinBPIscoresinallthreedomainsovertime,addedDr.Irwin,co-leaderofthecancerpreventionandcontrolresearchprogramatYaleUniversityCancerCenter,NewHaven,Conn.
TheHOPEresultsreceivedanenthusiasticaudiencereception.Physicianswereparticularlyimpressedwiththe70%exerciseadherencerateoverthecourseofayear.Theyaskedhowtheycankeeptheirpreviouslysedentarypatients’commitmenttoregularexercisefromwaningafteraninitialburstofenthusiasm,assooftenhappens.
Dr.Irwinrepliedthatadherencetolifestylechangeisalwaysachallenge.Socialsupportisquitehelpful.TheexercisegroupinHOPEreceivedapaidgymmembershipandmetinsmallgroupswithapersonaltrainertwiceweekly.
"Thewomenreallybondedwitheachother.Andtherearenowagrowingnumberoffreeprogramsthroughoutthecountry,whichgivecancersurvivorsastartonanexerciseprogramwithafreegymmembershipforseveralmonths.Forexample,theLivestrongFoundationhaspartneredwiththeYMCAtoofferfreeexerciseprogramsforcancersurvivorsatlocalYs,"shesaid.
TheHOPEtrialwasfundedbytheNationalCancerInstitute.Dr.Irwinreportedhavingnofinancialconflictsofinterest.
Thisdegreeofimprovementinjointpainisgreaterthanreportedinstudiesofglucosamine,acupuncture,orvitaminDsupplementation,shenoted.
Theimprovementinpainscoresintheexercisegroupwasgreaterat12monthsthanat3or6,suggestingthatayear-longexerciseprogramisprobablynecessarytoseesustainedreductioninjointpain.
At12monthsoffollow-up,womenintheexercisegroupaveraged159minutesofphysicalactivityperweek,110minutesmorethancontrols.Compliancewiththesupervisedexerciseprogramwasnotablygood,withwomenattendinganaverageof70%ofthetwice-weeklysmall-groupstrength-trainingsessions.
InadditiontotheimprovementinAI-relatedarthralgias,theexercisegroupexperiencedancillarybenefits:amean6.5%improvementinpeakoxygenconsumption,orVO2max,comparedwithbaseline,alongwitha3%reductioninbodyweight.
HOPEwasthefirstrandomizedtrialtoexaminetheeffectsofexerciseonAIsideeffectsinbreastcancerpatients.TheimpetusforthestudywastherecognitionthatarthralgiasarethemostcommonreasonforpooradherencetoanddiscontinuationofAItherapy.Upto20%ofbreastcancerpatientsdiscontinuetheirAIwithinthefirstyear.Andbothearlydiscontinuationandpooradherencehavebeenshowntobepredictiveofincreasedmortalityrisk.
入院10天,伴有肩部肌肉刺痛,已有好转,但今天的肝功能常规检查,转氨酶突然从140多升到310多,入院一直有互肝措施,静脉输液。无不良饮食习惯。有慢性浅表性胃炎病史。问,转氨酶突然升高的原因?各项肝炎检查无问题,ct x 光无问题
现在在做酶抑制剂,通过检测酶催化反应中吸光度的变化来判断酶活,从而评定酶抑制剂的好坏。
简单的来说,抑制剂浓度增加,酶活变小,吸光度应该持续变小
然而实验测试中发现,酶抑制剂浓度增加时(由10e-9到10e-5),酶活先增加再急剧减小,求问原因?
怀疑过是我自己测吸光度不准的原因,但是平行试验,发现每次都是10e-8和10e-7这两个浓度的酶活有问题,它们甚至比不加抑制剂下的酶活更高。
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