
Actin is a major cytoskeletal protein involved in diverse cellular functions including cell motility, adhesion, and morphology. Six different actin isoforms have been identified in vertebrates. There are four α isoforms: skeletal, cardiac, and two smooth muscle (enteric and aortic) actins, along with two cytoplasmic actins (β and γ). Actin exists in two principal forms, globular, monomeric (G) actin, and filamentous polymeric (F) actin. The assembly and disassembly of actin filaments, and also their organization into functional networks, is regulated by a variety of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). Phosphorylation may also be important for regulating actin assembly and interaction with ABPs. In Dictyostelium, phosphorylation of Tyr-53 occurs in response to cell stress and this phosphorylation may alter actin polymerization. In B cells, SHP-1 tyrosine dephosphorylation of actin leads to actin filament depolymerization following BCR stimulation.
References

Western blot analysis of mouse C2C12 cellsprobed with mouse monoclonal anti-Actin (C-terminal region) antibody at 1:1000 (lane 1), 1:2000 (lane 2), or 1:4000 (lane 3).

Formalin fixed, citric acid treated parafin sections of E18 mouse skeletal muscle. Sections were probed with anti-Actin (AM2021) then anti-Mouse:HRP before detection using DAB. (Images provided by Carl Hobbs and Dr. Pat Doherty at Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King"s College London).
*For more information, see UniProt Accession P60709
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*All molecular weights (MW) are confirmed by comparison to Bio-Rad Rainbow Markers and to western blotmobilities of known proteins with similar MW.
Product References:
Barnes J et al. (2018) Mol Autism. 9:44.(ICC: human stem cells)Pritchard, AJ et al. (2014) PLoS One. 9(6):e99444 (WB: mouse splenocytes)Dutta, P et al. (2014) J Neurochem. 130(3):360 (WB: rat brain)Muirhead, G et al. (2014) J Mol Neurosci. 53(1):125 (WB: rat brain)This kit contains:
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非病理原因导致转氨酶高得情况
1、健康人如果剧烈运动后检查转氨酶就会发现转氨酶升高。
2、如果过于劳累,会导致转氨酶升高。
3、检查前如果吃过油腻的食物或酗酒都会导致转氨酶升高。
4、怀孕的人,也会导致内分泌失调,使得转氨酶升高;
5、营养不足 饮食结构不合理如低蛋白饮食,尤其是当食物中缺乏胱氨酸、维生素E时,亦可使ALT升高。
6、日常服用的药物所产生的副作用也会导致转氨酶升高,比如红霉素、安眠药、解热镇痛药、避孕药膏还有半夏、槟榔、青黛等中药。
病理性原因导致转氨酶高得情况
1、病毒性肝炎这是引起转氨酶高常见的疾病,其他类型的肝炎也可导致转氨酶高。
2、多种药物和化学制剂都能引起转氨酶高,但停药后可恢复正常。
3、肝硬化与肝癌肝硬化活动时,一般都会出现转氨酶高。
4、胆道疾病如胆囊炎、胆石症急性发作时,除伴有发热、腹痛、恶心、呕吐、黄疸等情况外,还可引起血胆红素及转氨酶高。转氨酶是从胆管排出的,如果有胆管、胆囊及胰腺疾患,胆管梗阻,也可使转氨酶升高。病床上常见的有胆囊炎、胆管蛔虫、肝胆管结石、胆囊及胆管肿瘤、壶腹部周围癌症、先天性胆管扩张症、急慢性胰腺炎、胰头痛以及出血坏死性胰腺炎。
5、心脏疾病急性心肌梗塞、心肌炎、心力衰竭时,可引起转氨酶高。
6、其他某些感染性疾病,:除肝脏外,体内其他脏器组织如心、肾、肺、脑、睾丸、肌肉也都含有此酶。因此,当心肌炎、肾盂肾炎、大叶性肺炎、肺结核、多发性肌炎、甲状腺功能亢进症、急性败血症、肠伤寒、流脑、疟疾、钩端螺旋体病、流行性感冒、麻疹、血吸虫病、挤压综合征等患者中,亦可见血中转氨酶升高。
7、是否服用过对肝脏有损害的药物,如果有,一定要注意药物性肝炎的可能;
8、女性还要注意有无自身免疫性肝炎的可能,检查自身免疫抗体(抗核抗体、抗平滑肌抗体等)是否为阳性;
9、既往是否有胆囊炎、心脏病、肾炎等疾病,这些病也可以引起转氨酶升高;
综上所述,引起转氨酶升高的原因很多,必须认真检查,明确病因,针对病因加以治疗。
转氨酶水平在0—40之间是正常的。如果超出正常范围,医生会建议再查一次,排除由于实验室设备故障和操作错误等因素造成误差的可能。如果转氨酶水平还高,多半是由病毒性肝炎或其他肝病所致。但要确定是不是病毒性肝炎,还需要做其他检查,结合病史、症状、体征等全面分析。展开
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Exercisedampensaromataseinhibitor–relatedjointpain
http://www.internalmedicinenews.com/specialty-focus/oncology-hematology/single-article-page/exercise-dampens-aromatase-inhibitor-related-joint-pain/33383ff19a0cd42399a7cf8590708ebf.html
SANANTONIO–Adoptingastandardexerciseprogramresultedinaclinicallymeaningful30%reductioninaromataseinhibitor-associatedjointpaininbreastcancerpatientswhoparticipatedinayear-longrandomizedtrial.
TheexerciseprescriptionutilizedintheHOPE(HormonesandPhysicalExercise)trialwaswhat’srecommendedinnationalguidelinesbothforcancersurvivorsandhealthyadults:150minutesperweekofatleastmoderate-intensityaerobicactivity,suchasbriskwalking,alongwithtwostrength-trainingsessionsperweek,MelindaL.Irwin,Ph.D.,explainedattheSanAntonioBreastCancerSymposium.
TheHOPEstudiesenrolled121postmenopausalwomenwhohadstage1-3,hormonereceptor–positivebreastcancersandwerephysicallyinactiveandoverweightyetphysicallyabletoexercise.Atenrollment,theywereexperiencingmoderatearomataseinhibitor(AI)–associatedjointpain,definedasascoreof5-7onthe0-10BriefPainInventory(BPI),afterabout18monthsonthemedication.Roughlytwo-thirdsofparticipantshadnohistoryofjointpainpriortostartingAItherapy;therestreportedtheAIexacerbatedtheirpreexistingjointpain.Subjectswererandomizedtotheexerciseprogramortousualcare,whichincludedwritteninformationabouttheimportanceofexercise.
Theprimarystudyendpointwasthe12-monthchangeinBPIworstpainscore,whichdroppedbyanaverageof30%amongtheexercisegroup.Thistranslatedtoanimprovementinpainlevelfrommoderateatbaselinetomildatfollow-up.Inaddition,BPIscoresratingpainseverityandpaininterferenceimprovedbyabout20%.Incontrast,patientsintheusualcarecontrolgroupexperiencedaslightincreaseinBPIscoresinallthreedomainsovertime,addedDr.Irwin,co-leaderofthecancerpreventionandcontrolresearchprogramatYaleUniversityCancerCenter,NewHaven,Conn.
TheHOPEresultsreceivedanenthusiasticaudiencereception.Physicianswereparticularlyimpressedwiththe70%exerciseadherencerateoverthecourseofayear.Theyaskedhowtheycankeeptheirpreviouslysedentarypatients’commitmenttoregularexercisefromwaningafteraninitialburstofenthusiasm,assooftenhappens.
Dr.Irwinrepliedthatadherencetolifestylechangeisalwaysachallenge.Socialsupportisquitehelpful.TheexercisegroupinHOPEreceivedapaidgymmembershipandmetinsmallgroupswithapersonaltrainertwiceweekly.
"Thewomenreallybondedwitheachother.Andtherearenowagrowingnumberoffreeprogramsthroughoutthecountry,whichgivecancersurvivorsastartonanexerciseprogramwithafreegymmembershipforseveralmonths.Forexample,theLivestrongFoundationhaspartneredwiththeYMCAtoofferfreeexerciseprogramsforcancersurvivorsatlocalYs,"shesaid.
TheHOPEtrialwasfundedbytheNationalCancerInstitute.Dr.Irwinreportedhavingnofinancialconflictsofinterest.
Thisdegreeofimprovementinjointpainisgreaterthanreportedinstudiesofglucosamine,acupuncture,orvitaminDsupplementation,shenoted.
Theimprovementinpainscoresintheexercisegroupwasgreaterat12monthsthanat3or6,suggestingthatayear-longexerciseprogramisprobablynecessarytoseesustainedreductioninjointpain.
At12monthsoffollow-up,womenintheexercisegroupaveraged159minutesofphysicalactivityperweek,110minutesmorethancontrols.Compliancewiththesupervisedexerciseprogramwasnotablygood,withwomenattendinganaverageof70%ofthetwice-weeklysmall-groupstrength-trainingsessions.
InadditiontotheimprovementinAI-relatedarthralgias,theexercisegroupexperiencedancillarybenefits:amean6.5%improvementinpeakoxygenconsumption,orVO2max,comparedwithbaseline,alongwitha3%reductioninbodyweight.
HOPEwasthefirstrandomizedtrialtoexaminetheeffectsofexerciseonAIsideeffectsinbreastcancerpatients.TheimpetusforthestudywastherecognitionthatarthralgiasarethemostcommonreasonforpooradherencetoanddiscontinuationofAItherapy.Upto20%ofbreastcancerpatientsdiscontinuetheirAIwithinthefirstyear.Andbothearlydiscontinuationandpooradherencehavebeenshowntobepredictiveofincreasedmortalityrisk.
入院10天,伴有肩部肌肉刺痛,已有好转,但今天的肝功能常规检查,转氨酶突然从140多升到310多,入院一直有互肝措施,静脉输液。无不良饮食习惯。有慢性浅表性胃炎病史。问,转氨酶突然升高的原因?各项肝炎检查无问题,ct x 光无问题
现在在做酶抑制剂,通过检测酶催化反应中吸光度的变化来判断酶活,从而评定酶抑制剂的好坏。
简单的来说,抑制剂浓度增加,酶活变小,吸光度应该持续变小
然而实验测试中发现,酶抑制剂浓度增加时(由10e-9到10e-5),酶活先增加再急剧减小,求问原因?
怀疑过是我自己测吸光度不准的原因,但是平行试验,发现每次都是10e-8和10e-7这两个浓度的酶活有问题,它们甚至比不加抑制剂下的酶活更高。
求一起讨论

