EM Images: Negative staining electron microscopy of MAYV virus-like particles (VLPs).
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MAYARO VIRUS VLP
At The Native Antigen Company we have prepared recombinant Mayaro Virus VLP utilising our proprietary mammalian cell expression system. These particles contain Capsid and E1 and E2 envelope proteins. They will find application for researchers and assay developers who are looking to develop assays to distinguish Mayaro virus infection from Chikugunya virus.
PRODUCT DETAILS – MAYARO VIRUS LYSATE (TRVL4675 STRAIN)
- Recombinant Mayaro virus-like particle (strain Acre27) comprising E1, E2 and Capsid proteins (NCBI Accession Numbers: AJA37502.1, KM400591.1), expressed from HEK293 cells.
- Includes a mouse Fc-tag and is buffered in DPBS, pH7.4.
- Suitable for use in immunoassay development.
BACKGROUND
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Alphavirus, a member of the Togaviridae family of viruses. It is a member of the Semliki Forest antigenic sero-complex, a serological group within the Alphavirus genus, and is closely related to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (Esposito, D.L.A).
Infection with Mayaro virus causes an acute, self-limited dengue-like illness of 3–5 days duration, characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, rash, prominent pain in the large joints, and association with rheumatic disease. MAYV is recognised as an emerging virus with the potential to cause a major epidemic in Central and South American countries. Currently, there is no licensed prophylactic vaccine or specific treatment for MAYV fever. Prevention of MAYV is through vector control measures to reduce transmission of the virus. Given the geographical distribution of MAYV and the similarity of the symptoms of Mayaro fever to infections caused by other arboviruses such Dengue fever, Chikungunya and Zika virus, it is considered important to be able to differentiate diagnostically between these arboviral diseases (CDC). Diagnosis of MAYV infection may be achieved by serological testing for MAYV specific IgM antibodies using enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, cross reactivity with related viruses can reduce assay sensitivity and prevent accurate diagnosis (Figueiredo, ML).
REFERENCES
- Esposito DLA and Fonseca BALD (2017). Will Mayaro virus be responsible for the next outbreak of an arthropod-borne virus in Brazil? Braz J Infect Dis.21(5):540-544
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Emerging infectious diseases. Brunini, S et al (2017). High Frequency of Mayaro Virus IgM among Febrile Patients, Central Brazil. Research Letter. Volume 23, Number 6—June
Certificate of analysisSafety Datasheet
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可与MHCⅡ类分子结合的都是蛋白性抗原;多糖和脂类不易于MHCⅡ类分子连接,难以被TH细胞识别,因而多不是良好的免疫原;但有时可以诱导抗体性免疫应答。 抗原递呈(antigenpresentation)是辅佐细胞向辅助性T细胞展示抗原和MHCⅡ类分子的复合物,并使之与TCR结合的过程。这个过程是几乎所有淋巴细胞活化的必需步骤。抗原递呈之前,经处理后的抗原肽段已经连接在MHC分子顶端的槽中,这个复合物便是TCR的配体。TCR与配体结合的精确模式尚未清楚,一个合理的说法是TCR中α和β链的V段接触MHC分子的α螺旋(形成MHC分子顶端槽的肽段),使高可变的连接部(V-J及V-D-J)与抗原肽段相结合。这样保证了TCR识别抗原的特异性。
超抗原的递呈有独特的模式,它不需要胞内处理,可以直接与MHCⅡ类分子结合。超抗原不结合在MHCⅡ类分子的顶端槽中,而是结合在槽的外侧;与TCR结合时,不结合其α链,只结合β链的V节段。超抗原对TCR和MHCⅡ类分子的结合都非常牢固,象一支双向钩子将T细胞和辅佐细胞紧紧地连在一起,很容易使T细胞活化。另外,任何超抗原都只与含特殊β链V节段的TCR结合,这样的TCR约占外周T细胞总数的1%~10%,这一数字远远大于任何普通抗原所能识别的细胞数;所以某些产毒细胞感染时,容易发生急性期素休克综合征,就是超抗原刺激的结果。向左转|向右转
抗体(antibody)
看了百科以后依然不太明白,语言通俗一点最好。谢谢。