Ordering
| Item | Catalog # | Description | Quantity | Price (USD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasmid | 44361 | Standard format: Plasmid sent in bacteria as agar stab | 1 | $75 | Add to Cart | |
| AAV1 | 44361-AAV1 | Virus (100 µL at titer ≥ 7×10¹² vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart | |||
| AAV2 | 44361-AAV2 | Limited Stock Available, 1 unit leftVirus (100 µL at titer ≥6×10¹² vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart | |||
| AAV5 | 44361-AAV5 | Virus (100 µL at titer ≥ 7×10¹² vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart | |||
| AAV8 | 44361-AAV8 | Virus (100 µL at titer ≥ 4×10¹² vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart | |||
| AAV9 | 44361-AAV9 | Virus (100 µL at titer ≥ 1×10¹³ vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart | |||
| AAV Retrograde | 44361-AAVrg | Virus (100 µL at titer ≥ 7×10¹² vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart | |||
| AAV PHP.eB | 44361-PHPeB | Virus (100 µL at titer ≥ 1×10¹³ vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart | |||
This material is available to academics and nonprofits only.
Backbone
- Vector backbonepAAV(Search Vector Database)
- Backbone sizew/o insert(bp)4824
- Total vector size (bp)7326
- Vector typeAAV ; Adeno Associated Viral Vector
Growth in Bacteria
- Bacterial Resistance(s)Ampicillin
- Growth Temperature37°C
- Growth Strain(s)NEB Stable
- Copy numberLow Copy
Gene/Insert
- Gene/Insert namehM3D(Gq)-mCherry
- SpeciesH. sapiens (human)
- Insert Size (bp)2502
- Promoterhuman Synapsin 1
- Tag/ Fusion Protein
- mCherry (C terminal on insert)
Cloning Information
- Cloning methodRestriction Enzyme
- 5′ cloning siteAsc I(not destroyed)
- 3′ cloning siteNhe I(not destroyed)
- 5′ sequencing primertcgtgtcgtgcctgagagcg
- 3′ sequencing primerGCATTAAAGCAGCGTATCCACATAGC (Common Sequencing Primers)
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- UBMTA
- genOway Notice of RIghts
- Takara Bio Limited Use Label License (formerly Clontech)
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
- Articles Citing this Plasmid
- 44 References
Information for AAV1 (Catalog # 44361-AAV1)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV1 particles produced from pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry (#44361). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry plasmid DNA.
Syn-driven, Cre-dependent, hM3D(Gq) receptor with an mCherry reporter for CNO-induced neuronal activation. These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 7×10¹² vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, AAV1 cap gene
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68 + 200 mM NaCl
- SerotypeAAV1
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter GenemCherry (Cre-dependent)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Ancillary Agreement for Penn Vectors
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Using FLEX vectors in vivo: LoxP sites in FLEX plasmids are known to recombine during DNA amplification and viral vector production, which may result in a minority of Cre-activated (i.e., "flipped") viral vectors. Addgene has measured this occurs in 0.01-0.03% of viral vectors in our typical production protocol. This can lead to a small number of cells exhibiting Cre-independent transgene expression in vivo. To address this, we recommend titrating to find the optimal AAV dosage required for Cre-dependent transgene expression and function in vivo. This may include reducing the viral vector dosage in order to reduce the likelihood of Cre-independent expression.
Information for AAV2 (Catalog # 44361-AAV2)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV2 particles produced from pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry (#44361). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry plasmid DNA.
Syn-driven, Cre-dependent, hM3D(Gq) receptor with an mCherry reporter for CNO-induced neuronal activation. These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 6×10¹² vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, AAV2 cap gene
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68
- SerotypeAAV2
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter GenemCherry (Cre-dependent)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Using FLEX vectors in vivo: LoxP sites in FLEX plasmids are known to recombine during DNA amplification and viral vector production, which may result in a minority of Cre-activated (i.e., "flipped") viral vectors. Addgene has measured this occurs in 0.01-0.03% of viral vectors in our typical production protocol. This can lead to a small number of cells exhibiting Cre-independent transgene expression in vivo. To address this, we recommend titrating to find the optimal AAV dosage required for Cre-dependent transgene expression and function in vivo. This may include reducing the viral vector dosage in order to reduce the likelihood of Cre-independent expression.
Data submitted about 44361-AAV2 by requesting scientist(s):
- Data 1: Mouse, Retina
- Data 2: Rat, Brain parenchyma
Information for AAV5 (Catalog # 44361-AAV5)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV5 particles produced from pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry (#44361). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry plasmid DNA.
Syn-driven, Cre-dependent, hM3D(Gq) receptor with an mCherry reporter for CNO-induced neuronal activation. These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 7×10¹² vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, AAV5 cap gene
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68
- SerotypeAAV5
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter GenemCherry (Cre-dependent)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Using FLEX vectors in vivo: LoxP sites in FLEX plasmids are known to recombine during DNA amplification and viral vector production, which may result in a minority of Cre-activated (i.e., "flipped") viral vectors. Addgene has measured this occurs in 0.01-0.03% of viral vectors in our typical production protocol. This can lead to a small number of cells exhibiting Cre-independent transgene expression in vivo. To address this, we recommend titrating to find the optimal AAV dosage required for Cre-dependent transgene expression and function in vivo. This may include reducing the viral vector dosage in order to reduce the likelihood of Cre-independent expression.
Data submitted about 44361-AAV5 by requesting scientist(s):
- Data 1: Mouse, Brain parenchyma
Information for AAV8 (Catalog # 44361-AAV8)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV8 particles produced from pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry (#44361). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry plasmid DNA.
Syn-driven, Cre-dependent, hM3D(Gq) receptor with an mCherry reporter for CNO-induced neuronal activation. These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 4×10¹² vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, AAV8 cap gene
- EnvelopeAAV8 cap gene
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68
- SerotypeAAV8
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter GenemCherry (Cre-dependent)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Ancillary Agreement for Penn Vectors
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Using FLEX vectors in vivo: LoxP sites in FLEX plasmids are known to recombine during DNA amplification and viral vector production, which may result in a minority of Cre-activated (i.e., "flipped") viral vectors. Addgene has measured this occurs in 0.01-0.03% of viral vectors in our typical production protocol. This can lead to a small number of cells exhibiting Cre-independent transgene expression in vivo. To address this, we recommend titrating to find the optimal AAV dosage required for Cre-dependent transgene expression and function in vivo. This may include reducing the viral vector dosage in order to reduce the likelihood of Cre-independent expression.
Data submitted about 44361-AAV8 by requesting scientist(s):
- Data 1: Mouse, Brain parenchyma
- Data 2: Mouse, Brain parenchyma
- Data 3: Mouse, Brain parenchyma
- Data 4: Mouse, Brain parenchyma
- Data 5: Rat, Brain parenchyma
- Data 6: Mouse, Brain parenchyma
Information for AAV9 (Catalog # 44361-AAV9)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV9 particles produced from pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry (#44361). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry plasmid DNA.
Syn-driven, Cre-dependent, hM3D(Gq) receptor with an mCherry reporter for CNO-induced neuronal activation. These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 1×10¹³ vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, AAV9 cap gene
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68
- SerotypeAAV9
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter GenemCherry (Cre-dependent)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Ancillary Agreement for Penn Vectors
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Using FLEX vectors in vivo: LoxP sites in FLEX plasmids are known to recombine during DNA amplification and viral vector production, which may result in a minority of Cre-activated (i.e., "flipped") viral vectors. Addgene has measured this occurs in 0.01-0.03% of viral vectors in our typical production protocol. This can lead to a small number of cells exhibiting Cre-independent transgene expression in vivo. To address this, we recommend titrating to find the optimal AAV dosage required for Cre-dependent transgene expression and function in vivo. This may include reducing the viral vector dosage in order to reduce the likelihood of Cre-independent expression.
Information for AAV Retrograde (Catalog # 44361-AAVrg)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV Retrograde particles produced from pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry (#44361). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry plasmid DNA.
Syn-driven, Cre-dependent, hM3D(Gq) receptor with an mCherry reporter for CNO-induced neuronal activation. These AAV were produced with a retrograde serotype, which permits retrograde access to projection neurons. These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 7×10¹² vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, AAV retrograde cap gene from rAAV2-retro helper (plasmid #81070)
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68 + 200 mM NaCl
- SerotypeAAV retrograde (AAVrg)
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter GenemCherry (Cre-dependent)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Retrograde functionality is dependent on high viral titers. Addgene recommends not diluting your AAV preps prior to use.Using FLEX vectors in vivo: LoxP sites in FLEX plasmids are known to recombine during DNA amplification and viral vector production, which may result in a minority of Cre-activated (i.e., "flipped") viral vectors. Addgene has measured this occurs in 0.01-0.03% of viral vectors in our typical production protocol. This can lead to a small number of cells exhibiting Cre-independent transgene expression in vivo. To address this, we recommend titrating to find the optimal AAV dosage required for Cre-dependent transgene expression and function in vivo. This may include reducing the viral vector dosage in order to reduce the likelihood of Cre-independent expression.
Data submitted about 44361-AAVrg by requesting scientist(s):
- Data 1: Mouse, Brain parenchyma
Information for AAV PHP.eB (Catalog # 44361-PHPeB)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV PHP.eB particles produced from pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry (#44361). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry plasmid DNA.
Syn-driven, Cre-dependent, hM3D(Gq) receptor with an mCherry reporter for CNO-induced neuronal activation. These AAV were produced with the PHP.eB serotype, which permits efficient transduction of the central nervous system.These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 1×10¹³ vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, PHP.eB cap gene pUCmini-iCAP-PHP.eB (plasmid #103005)
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68
- SerotypePHPeB (plasmid #103005)
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter GenemCherry (Cre-dependent)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Ancillary Agreement for Penn Vectors
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Using FLEX vectors in vivo: LoxP sites in FLEX plasmids are known to recombine during DNA amplification and viral vector production, which may result in a minority of Cre-activated (i.e., "flipped") viral vectors. Addgene has measured this occurs in 0.01-0.03% of viral vectors in our typical production protocol. This can lead to a small number of cells exhibiting Cre-independent transgene expression in vivo. To address this, we recommend titrating to find the optimal AAV dosage required for Cre-dependent transgene expression and function in vivo. This may include reducing the viral vector dosage in order to reduce the likelihood of Cre-independent expression.
Citation Information: When using the PHP.eB serotype in future publications, please acknowledge Viviana Gradinaru and cite Chan et al., Nat Neurosci, 20(8):1172-1179. Pubmed.ebiomall.com
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抗体是属于у-球蛋白，或是淋巴细胞，都是对某种抗原反应而形成的；它附着在抗原上，起着抑制抗原的作用。如果抗体完全抑制了抗原，即使我们感染了病毒或细菌，也会在不知不觉中战胜疾病。相反，当抗原势力超过抗体时，疾病则会恶化。
一旦体内产生抗体时，当下次相同的病原体侵入时，会比前次更快发动免疫机构，将疾病防患于未然。许多病毒性疾病患者，经过一次治疗后便不再发病，是因为身体内已有了免疫的机构。
抗原与其所诱导产生的抗体或致敏淋巴细胞特异性结合的能力。抗原性的强弱与抗原分子的大小、化学成分、抗原决定簇的结构、抗原与被免疫动物亲缘关系的远近等有密切关系。通常认为抗原的分子量愈大、化学组成愈复杂、立体结构愈完整以及与被免疫动物的亲缘关系愈远，则抗原性愈强。抗原的物理状态也对抗原性发生影响，例如蛋白质，聚合状态的比单体的抗原性强，一般球形分子的比纤维形分子的抗原性强。抗原加入佐剂改变物理状态后，抗原性也得到增强。例如，分子量高达10万的明胶由于缺乏苯环氨基酸，稳定性较差，在进入机体后容易被酶降解成低分子物质，如果加入少量酪氨酸（苯环氨基酸），就能增强其抗原性。
中文名：抗原性
外文名：antigenicity
别称：免疫反应性
抗原性介绍：流感病毒按抗原性
1.抗原性是指抗原与其所诱导产生的抗体或致敏淋巴细胞特异性结合的能力。抗原性的强弱与抗原分子的大小、化学成分、抗原决定簇的结构、抗原与被免疫动物亲缘关系的远近等有密切关系。通常认为抗原的分子量愈大、化学组成愈复杂、立体结构愈完整以及与被免疫动物的亲缘关系愈远，则抗原性愈强。
2.免疫原性是指能够刺激机体形成特异抗体或致敏淋巴细胞的能力。即指抗原能刺激特定的免疫细胞，使免疫细胞活化、增殖、分化，最终产生免疫效应物质抗体和致敏淋巴细胞的特性。也指抗原刺激机体后，机体免疫系统能形成抗体或致敏T淋巴细胞的特异性免疫反应。
B细胞的抗原受体就是镶嵌在脂质双层中的膜结构蛋白，叫做膜表面免疫球蛋白（SmIg）。每个淋巴细胞克隆，只具有识别某一抗原决定簇的受体，每个淋巴细胞也只能产生某一种特异性抗体，这也是单克隆抗体只针对某一种抗原决定簇反应的基础。体内有千万种淋巴细胞克隆，所以机体能对各种不同的抗原性异物进行识别，从而发生免疫应答。
T细胞的抗原受体（T cell receptor, TCR）与CD3呈复合物形式存在于抗原特异性T细胞表面。在识别靶细胞过程中还有赖于非特异性的其他表面分子辅助，这些分子主要包括CD4、CD8、MHCI、MHCII类分子、淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-1（LFA-1）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1，即CD54）、LFA-2（CD2）和 LFA-3（CD58）。TCR的多肽链是异质的，根据抗原结构和编码基因不同，已发现有a, b, g和d四种多肽链，据其组成不同，可分为两种类型，即abTCR和gdTCR。大多数TCR是abTCR，其中CD4+abTCR T细胞可识别非己MHCII类抗原（同种异体抗原）或自身MHCII类抗原与外来抗原复合物。abTCR识别外来抗原必须经过抗原提呈细胞（antigen presenting cell, APC）的加工处理，在外来抗原与APC表面MHC抗原结合成复合物才能被Th细胞识别。少数TCR由gd链组成，对gdTCR在体内的生理功能尚未完全清楚。
，表示体内感染了HBV，因而是一种特异性标志。HBsAg阳性见于：①急性乙型肝炎的潜伏期或急性期（大多短期阳性）；②HBV致的慢性肝病、迁延性和慢性活动性肝炎、肝炎后肝硬化或原发性肝癌等。③无症状携带者。
（2）抗HBs：表示曾感染过HBV，均已得到恢复，并且对HBV有一定的免疫力。
（3）HBcAg与抗HBc：由于
HBcAg主要存在于肝细胞核内，并仅存在于Dane颗粒中。因此，对病人血清不能检测HBcAg，而测抗HBc。血清内抗HBc阳性反映：①新近有过HBV感染；②体内有HBV增殖；③有助于诊断乙型肝炎。
（2）HBcAg和抗HBe：HBcAg的存在常表示病人血液有感染性。
HBcAg阳性揭示病人肝脏可能有慢性 损害，对预后判断有一定帮助。抗HBe阳性对病人可能有一定的保护力。
检测乙肝抗原与抗体的实际用途：
（1）筛选供血员。
（2）可作为乙肝病人或携带者的特异性诊断。
（3）对乙肝病人预后和转归提供参考。
（4）研究乙肝的流行病学，了解各地人群对乙肝的感染情况。
（5）判断人群对乙肝的免疫水平。
