

This product is freeze dried. All water molecules have been removed.

Every lot is tried & tested in a relevant biological assay.
Our Bioassay
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- Albuquerque, E.X. et al. (2009) Physiol. Rev. 89, 73.
- Luetje, C.W. and Patrick, J. (1991) J. Neurosci. 11, 837.
- Alomone Labs (-)-Cytisine activates α2/β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes.Current traces of α2/β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels activity at -60 mV holding potential. The bars above the trace represent periods where (-)-Cytisine (#C-130) or acetylcholine were applied at the indicated concentration.
- 1. Banko, P.C. et al. (2002) J. Chem. Ecol. 28, 1393.
- 2. Albuquerque, E.X. et al. (2009) Physiol. Rev. 89, 73.
- 3. Luetje, C.W. and Patrick, J. (1991) J. Neurosci. 11, 837.
- 4. Chavez-Noriega, L.E. et al. (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 280, 346.
- 5. Papke, R.L. and Heinemann, S.F. (1994) Mol. Pharmacol. 45, 142.
- 6. Mineur, Y.S. et al. (2007) Neuropharmacology 52, 1256.
- 7. Reavill, C. et al. (1990) Neuropharmacology 29, 619.
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(-)-Cytisine is an alkaloid, which occurs naturally in several types of plants as well as in animals feeding on them (see example in reference 1). (-)-Cytisine is a potent and selective agonist of neuronal nAChR2. It acts as a partial agonist of β2-containing nAChR3.
EC50s differ for different subunit-composed channels; for recombinant human channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes the following EC50 values were reported: 25 µM, 39 µM, 67 µM, 72 µM, 2.6 µM 0.9 µM and 71 µM for α2/β2, α2/β4, α3/β2, α3/β4, α4/β2, α4/β4 and α7 respectively4.
However, in β2-containing channels, the response to acetylcholine (ACh) is largely reduced when applied in combination with (-)-Cytisine5. Therefore, when applied in vivo it exerts a compound effect of both activating certain nAchRs and inhibiting the effect of ACh on others. For example, (-)-Cytisine was found to have antidepressant-like effects in several animal models of antidepressant efficacy. This was probably achieved by inhibiting the effect of ACh on α2/β4 channel in the basolateral amygdala6.
In another study, the effects of (-)-Cytisine were compared to nicotine. Rats were trained to discriminate nicotine from saline and it was confirmed that (-)-Cytisine had a nicotine-like discriminative effect, but it was much less potent than nicotine itself7.
(-)-Cytisine (#C-130) is a highly pure, synthetic, and biologically active compound.
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二、补体(complement,C)是存在于正常人和动物血清与组织液中的一组经活化后具有酶活性的蛋白质。早在19世纪末Bordet即证实,新鲜血液中含有一种不耐热的成分,可辅助和补充特异性抗体,介导免疫溶菌、溶血作用,故称为补体。补体是由30余种可溶性蛋白、膜结合性蛋白和补体受体组成的多分子系统,故称为补体系统(complementsystem)。根据补体系统各成分的生物学功能,可将其分为补体固有成分、补体调控成分和补体受体(CR)。
2 一抗是属于哪个类或亚类
二抗需与一抗的类别或亚类相匹配。这通常是针对单克隆抗体而言。多克隆抗体主要是IgG类免疫球蛋白,因此相应的二抗就是抗IgG抗体.
单克隆抗体的类别及亚类通常会在产品列表中列出,如果你的一抗是小鼠IgM,那么相应的二抗就应当是抗小鼠IgM,或是抗小鼠IgG抗体。
如果单克隆一抗是小鼠IgG的某一亚类(IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b,IgG3),那么几乎所有的抗小鼠IgG都可以与之结合,或者你也可以选择专门针对这一亚类的二抗,例如,如果你的一抗是小鼠IgG1,那么你可以选择抗IgG1的二抗,此种抗体在双标记实验中尤其适合。
如果你不知道一抗是哪一类别或亚类,那么抗小鼠IgG是一个不错的选择,因为此种抗体可以识别大多数类型的IgG免疫球蛋白。

