Overview:
SMAD3 is a direct mediator of transcriptional activation by the TGFβ receptor. The activity of SMAD3 is regulated by the TGFβ receptors, and SMAD3 is phosphorylated and associated with the ligand-bound receptor complex. TGFβ stimulation leads to phosphorylation and activation of SMAD3, which form a complex with SMAD4 that accumulate in the nucleus and regulate transcription of target genes such as CDK inhibitor (1). SMAD3 containing a C-terminal truncation acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of the normal TGFβ response. SMAD3 is a major physiologic substrate of the G1 cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK2 (2).
References:
1. Inman, G. J. et al: Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smads 2, 3, and 4 permits sensing of TGF-beta receptor activity. Molec. Cell 10: 283-294, 2002.2. Matsuura, I. et al: Cyclin-dependent kinases regulate the antiproliferative function of Smads. Nature 430: 226-231, 2004.
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也就是说只要是兔子产生的抗体,羊抗兔(也叫抗抗体或者2抗)都可与之结合。
兔子产生的是一级抗体
羊的为二级抗体
在试验中,二抗经常被做了手脚,打上了标记,比如辣根过氧化物酶,经常被用在ELISA,WESTERN等经典的生物学试验中。

