Rabbit Isopeptidase T/USP5 Protein, CF Summary
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins.Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration.The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard.In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
E-320
| Formulation | X mg/ml (X μM) in 50 mM HEPES pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1mM DTT |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Isopeptidase T/USP5
Isopeptidase T/Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 5 (USP5) is a widely expressed deubiquitinating enzyme belonging to the peptidase C19 family (1). It is the only known member that requires zinc binding to be active (2). It has a predicted molecular weight of 95.8 kDa (3). Human Isopeptidase T/USP5 is 858 amino acids (aa) in length and shares 98% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat orthologs (3). Isopeptidase T/USP5 is largely responsible for the disassembly of unanchored poly-Ubiquitin chains. It binds multiple Ubiquitin molecules in a poly-Ubiquitin chain and can cleave Lys29-, Lys48- and Lys63-linked chains (1,4,5). It contains four putative Ubiquitin-binding domains: an N-terminal zinc finger Ubiquitin-binding (ZnF-UBP) domain, a Ubiquitin-specific processing protease (UBP) catalytic domain, and two Ubiquitin-associated domains (UBA1 and UBA2) (5-7). The ZnF-UBP domain (aa 163-291) selectively interacts with an unmodified C-terminus of poly-Ubiquitin chains and induces a conformational change that prevents Isopeptidase T/USP5 from disassembling poly-Ubiquitin until another deubiquitinating enzyme has released the chain from the ubiquitinated protein (5,6,8). The UBP domain binds the second Ubiquitin in poly-Ubiquitin, while the subsequent Ubiquitins bind the UBA2 (aa 722-762) and UBA1 (aa 654-695) domains (5,7). There are short and long forms of human Isopeptidase T/USP5 that differ by an insertion of 23 aa in the long form (2). Suppression of Isopeptidase T/USP5 has been shown to increase the amount and transcriptional activity of p53 due to the accumulation of unanchored poly-Ubiquitin (9). Conversely, an up-regulation of USP5 has been associated with fetal Down syndrome (10).
- Wilkinson, K.D. et al. (1995) Biochemistry 34:14535.
- Gabriel, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41:13755.
- Falquet, L. et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 376:233.
- Raasi, S. et al. (2005) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 12:708.
- Reyes-Turcu, F.E. et al. (2009) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 78:363.
- Reyes-Turcu, F.E. et al. (2006) Cell 124:1197.
- Reyes-Turcu, F.E. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:19581.
- Avvakumov, G.V. et al. (2012) Biochemistry 51:1188.
- Dayal, S. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:5030.
- Engidawork, E. et al. (2001) J. Neural Transm. Suppl.(61):117.
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（Hypertension,2004,43:297-305）
2月5日 过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体γ（PPARγ）是一种属于核激素受体超家族的配体激活转录因子。在巨噬细胞、内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞中均有表达。它调节与脂质代谢、血管炎症和促成动脉粥样硬化及血管成形术后再狭窄的增生有关的主要蛋白的基因表达。PPARγ合成配体的发现加深了人们对其配体依赖性激活和之后的生物效应机制的认识，特别是有关PPARγ在血管病理生理学中作用的认识。噻唑烷二酮PPARγ激动剂不仅改善了2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素耐药性，而且在离体情况下或动脉粥样硬化动物模型中均有广谱的抗动脉粥样硬化效应。
美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的Willa A. Hsueh博士及其同事总结了PPARγ作为噻唑烷二酮分子靶点的重要作用以及在控制血管炎症和心血管系统增生方面的意义。
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Willa A. Hsueh; Dennis Bruemmer
From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
Correspondence to Willa A. Hsueh, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Warren Hall, Suite 24–130, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095. E-mail whsueh@mednet.ucla.edu
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARis expressed by macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. It regulates gene expression of key proteins involved in lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation, and proliferation contributing to atherogenesis and postangioplasty restenosis. The discovery of synthetic ligands for PPARhas led to significant enhancement of our understanding of the mechanism of their ligand-dependent activation and subsequent biological effects, particularly with respect to the role of PPARin vascular pathophysiology. The thiazolidinedione PPARagonists not only improve insulin resistance in patients with type II diabetes but also exert a broad spectrum of antiatherogenic effects in vitro and in animal models of atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the important role of PPARas a molecular target for thiazolidinediones and its implications for the control of vascular inflammation and proliferation for the cardiovascular system.
Key Words: atherosclerosis • diabetes mellitus • peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor • angiotensin • inflammation
相关链接：http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/2/297?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=PPAR&searchid=1076561399333_3746&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=43&issue=2&search_url=http%3A%2F%2Fhyper.ahajournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fsearch&journalcode=hypertensionaha
1.若都为正常，那么并未有太大问题，只要定期复查就可以了。
2.如果TGAb、TMAb、甲状腺功能均高，那么就是桥本氏甲状腺炎并甲亢，需要抗甲亢治疗。
3.如果TGAb、TMAb高，甲状腺功能下降，那么就是桥本氏甲状腺炎并甲减，需要进行甲减治疗。
4.如果TGAb、TMAb高，甲状腺功能正常，那么就是桥本氏甲状腺炎，无需特殊治疗，只要定期复查甲状腺功能就可能以了，不过这种情况有可能以后演变成甲减或者甲亢。
1.若都为正常，那么并未有太大问题，只要定期复查就可以了。
2.如果TGAb、TMAb、甲状腺功能均高，那么就是桥本氏甲状腺炎并甲亢，需要抗甲亢治疗，那么，要注意戒碘饮食，避免吃一些含碘丰富的食物，如海产品等。
3.如果TGAb、TMAb高，甲状腺功能下降，那么就是桥本氏甲状腺炎并甲减，需要进行甲减治疗，饮食方面可以增加含碘丰富的食物摄入。
4.如果TGAb、TMAb高，甲状腺功能正常，那么就是桥本氏甲状腺炎，无需特殊治疗，只要定期复查甲状腺功能就可能以了，不过这种情况有可能以后演变成甲减或者甲亢。
