
Cytotoxiclymphocytes,includingNKcellsandcytotoxicTlymphocytes(CTLs),playamajorroleinthedefenseagainstneoplasticprocessesandviralinfections(1).Granuleexocytosisisthemechanismbywhichcytotoxiclymphocytesmayinducelysisofitstarget.Thisinvolvesgranule-associatedcytotoxicproteins,includingtheT-cellintracellularantigen-1(TIA-1),perforinandgranzymeB(1,2).PerforinproducesporesthatallowtheentryofothercytotoxicproteinssuchasTIA-1andgranzymes,whichtriggeraprocessleADIngtoDNAfragmentationandapoptosisofthetargetcells(1).However,thereisevidencethatgranzymeBmaykilltargetsindependentlyofperforin(2).Recentstudies(3,4,5)havedemonstratedthattheexpressionofgranzymeBbyimmunohistochemistryinseveralentitiesofextranodalperipheralTcelllymphoma(PTCL)andNKcelllymphomas,includingnasalandnasal-typeNK/Tcelllymphomas,hepatosplenicandnon-hepatosplenicPTCL,enteropathy-type(ETCL)andnon-ETCLintestinalPTCL,subcutaneouspanniculitis-likePTCL(SPTCL),cutaneousCD8+epidermotropiclymphomasaswellasinnodalandcutaneousCD30+anaplasticlargecelllymphomas(ALCL)(3,4,5).Incontrast,onlyafewnodalPTCL-unspecified(UC)expresscytotoxicphenotypewhileangioimmunoblastic(AILD)lymphomasdonot(3,4,5).Theexpressionofcytotoxicproteins,suchasgranzymeBmaybeimportantfortheidentificationandclassificationofextranodalT-andNK-celllymphomassincemanyofthesetumorsdonothavespecificmorphologyandphenotype(6,7).
Format | Concentrate,Predilute |
---|---|
Volume | 0.1ml,0.5ml,6.0ml |
SpeciesReactivity | Human;othersnottested |
Clone | 11F1 |
IntendedUse | IVD |
Localization | CytoplasmicLyticGranules |
Antigen | RecombinantproteincorrespondingtotheNterminusofgranzymeB |
Isotype | IgG2a |
DownloadDataSheet |
DownloadSDSSheet |
References:
1.SmythMJ,TrapaniJA.Granzymes:exogenousproteinasesthatinducetargetcellapoptosis.lmmunolToday.1995Apr;16(4):202-6.
2.FroelichCJ,DixitVM,YangX.Lymphocytegranule-mediatedapoptosis:mattersofviralmimicryanddeadlyproteases.ImmunolToday.1998Jan;19(1):30-6.
3.KrenacsL,etal.CytotoxiccellantigenexpressioninanaplasticlargecelllymphomasofT-andnull-celltypeandHodgkin’sdisease:evidencefordistinctcellularorigin.Blood.1997Feb1;89(3):980-9.
4.KanavarosP,etal.Cytotoxicproteinexpressioninnon-Hodgkin’slymphomaandHodgkin’sdisease.AnticancerRes.1999Mar-Apr;19(2A):1209-16.
5.KanavarosP,etal.ExpressionofcytotoxicproteinsinperipheralTcellandnaturalkiller-cell(NK)lymphomas:associationwithextranodalsite,NKorTgammadeltaphenotype,anaplasticmorphologyandCD30expression.LeukLymphoma.2000Jul;38(3-4):317-26.
6.JaffeES,etal.ExtranodalperipheralT-cellandNK-cellneoplasms.AmJClinPathol.1999Jan;111(1Suppl1):S46-55.Review.
7.KinneyMC.Theroleofmorphologicfeatures,phenotype,genotypeandanatomicsiteindefiningextranodalT-cellandNK-cellneoplasms.AmJClinPathol.1999Jan;111(1Suppl1):S104-18.
8.CenterforDiseaseControlManual.Guide:SafetyManagement,NO.CDC-22,Atlanta,GA.April30,1976“DecontaminationofLaboratorySinkDrainstoRemoveAzideSalts.”
9.ClinicalandLaboratoryStandardsInstitute(CLSI).ProtectionofLaboratoryWorkersfromOccupationallyAcquiredInfections;ApprovedGuideline-FourthEditionCLSIdocumentM29-A4Wayne,PA2014.
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一般来讲,进行real-time qPCR MasterMix都是2×的浓缩液,只需要加入模板和引物就可以。由于real-time qPCR灵敏度高,所以每个样品至少要做3个平行孔,以防在后面的数据分析中,由于Ct相差较多或者SD太大,无法进行统计分析。通常来讲,反应体系的引 物终浓度为100-400mM;模板如果是总RNA一般是10ng-500,如果cDNA,通常情况下是1ul或者1ul的10倍稀释液,要根据目的基因 的表达丰度进行调整。当然这些都是经验值,在操作过程中,还需要根据所用MasterMix,模板和引物的不同进行优化,达到一个最佳反应体系。在反应体 系配置过程中,有下面几点需要注意:
1. MasterMix不要反复冻融,如果经常使用,最好溶解后放在4度。
2. 更多的配制Mix进行,减少加样误差。最好能在冰上操作。
3. 每管或每孔都要换新枪头!不要连续用同一个枪头加样!
4. 所有成分加完后,离心去除气泡。
5. 每个样品至少3个平行孔。
上游引物:5′-GAATGTGTGTACTGCAAGCA-3′
下游引物:5′-GTTGTATTGCTGTTCTAATGTTGT-3′
Taqman探针:5′-FAM-CAGCATATGGATTCCCATCTC-TAMRA-3′
扩增的产物长度是:195bp(nt188-382)
HPV16全长序列:贴在附件中
磕头跪谢!!!
HPV16.txt(9.91k)

