| Overview |  PrinterFriendlyVersion |
| Ex/Em(nm) | 565/600 |
| MW | N/A |
| CAS# | N/A |
| Solvent | DMSO |
| Storage | F/D/L |
| Category | ProteinBiochemistry Generalproteins |
| Related |
| Spectrum | AdvancedSpectrumViewer |
- Prepareantibodysolution:
Forlabeling100μgantibody(assumingthetargetantibodyconcentrationis1mg/mL),mix5μL(5%ofthetotalreactionvolume)ofReactionBuffer(ComponentC)with100μLofthetargetantibodysolution.
Note1.Ifyouhaveadifferentantibodyconcentration,adjusttheantibodyvolumeaccordinglytomake~100µgantibodyavailableforyourlabelingreaction.
Note2:Theantibodyshouldbedissolvedin1Xphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS),pH7.2-7.4;Iftheantibodyisdissolvedinglycinebuffer,itmustbedialyzedagainst1XPBS,pH7.2-7.4,oruseAmiconUltra-0.5,Ultracel-10Membrane,10kDa(cat#UFC501008fromMillipore)toremovefreeaminesorammoniumsalts(suchasammoniumsulfateandammoniumacetate)thatarewidelyusedforproteinprecipitation.
Note3:ImpureantibodiesorantibodiesstABIlizedwithbovineserumalbumin(BSA)orgelatinwillnotbelabeledwell.
Note4:TheAntibody–Buccutite™MTAreactionefficiencyissignificantlyreducediftheantibodyconcentrationislessthan1mg/mL.Foroptimallabelingefficiencythefinalantibodyconcentrationrangeof1-10mg/mLisrecommended. - RunAntibody-Buccutite™MTAreaction:
- AddtheantibodysolutiondirectlyintothevialofBuccutite™MTA(ComponentB),andmixthemwellbyrepeatedlypipettingforafewtimesorvortexthevialforafewseconds.
- KeeptheAntibody-Buccutite™MTAreactionmixtureatroomtemperaturefor30-60minutes.
Note:TheAntibody-Buccutite™MTAreactionmixturecanberotatedorshakenforlongertimeifdesired.
- PreparespincolumnforAntibody-Buccutite™MTApurification:
- Inverttheprovidedspincolumn(ComponentD)severaltimestore-sUSPendthesettledgelandremoveanybubbles.
- Snapoffthetipandplacethecolumninawashingtube(2mL,notprovided).Removethecaptoallowtheexcesspackingbuffertodrainbygravitytothetopofthegelbed.Ifcolumndoesnotbegintoflow,pushcapbackintocolumnandremoveitagaintostarttheflow.Discardthedrainedbuffer,andthenplacethecolumnbackintotheWashingTube.However,centrifugeimmediatelyifthecolumnisplacedintoa12x75mmtesttube(notprovided).
- Centrifugefor2minutesinaswingingbucketcentrifugeat1,000xg(seeCentrifugationNotessection)toremovethepackingbuffer.Discardthebuffer.
- Apply1-2mL1XPBS(pH7.2-7.4)tothecolumn.AftereachapplicationofPBS,letthebufferdrainoutbygravity,orcentrifugethecolumnfor2minutestoremovethebuffer.Discardthebufferfromthecollectiontube.Repeatthisprocessfor3-4times.
- Centrifugefor2minutesinaswingingbucketcentrifugeat1,000xg(seeCentrifugationNotessection)toremovethepackingbuffer.Discardthebuffer.
- PurifytheAb-Buccutite™MTAsolution:
- Placethecolumn(fromStep3.5)inacleanCollectingTube(1.5mL,notprovided).Carefullyloadthesample(~105μL,fromStep2.2)directlytothecenterofthecolumn.
- AfterloADIngthesample,add5μLof1XPBS(pH7.2-7.4)tomakethetotalvolumeof110μL.Centrifugethecolumnfor5-6minutesat1,000xg,andcollectthesolutionthatcontainsthedesiredprotein-Buccutite™MTAsolution.
- MakeAb-PEorPETandemconjugation:
- MixwholevialofBuccutite™FOL-ActivatedPEorPETandem(ComponentA)withthepurifiedAb-Buccutite™MTAsolution(fromStep4.2),androtatethemixturefor1houratroomtemperature.
- TheAb-PEorPETandemconjugateisnowreadytouse.
Note1:Forimmediateuse,theAb-PEorPETandemconjugateneedbedilutedwiththebufferofyourchoice.
Note2:Theconcentrationoftheconjugateisabout0.5~0.6mgAb/mLifstartwith100uL1mg/mlantibodysolution.
| References&Citations |  PrinterFriendlyVersion |
1. ZhaoKH,SuP,LiJ,TuJM,ZhouM,BubenzerC,ScheerH.(2006)Chromophoreattachmenttophycobiliproteinbeta-subunits:phycocyanobilin:cysteine-beta84phycobiliproteinlyaseactivityofCpeS-likeproteinfromAnabaenaSp.PCC7120.JBiolChem,281,8573.
2. PetrasekZ,SchmittFJ,TheissC,HuyerJ,ChenM,LarkumA,EichlerHJ,KemnitzK,EckertHJ.(2005)ExcitationenergytransferfromphycobiliproteintochlorophylldinintactcellsofAcaryochlorismarinastudiedbytime-andwavelength-resolvedfluorescencespectroscopy.PhotochemPhotobiolSci,4,1016.
3. LoosD,CotletM,DeSchryverF,HabuchiS,HofkensJ.(2004)Single-moleculespectroscopyselectivelyprobesdonorandacceptorchromophoresinthephycobiliproteinallophycocyanin.BiophysJ,87,2598.
4. PrasannaR,PrasannaBM,MohammadiSA,SinghPK.(2003)EvaluationofTolypothrixgermplasmforphycobiliproteincontent.FoliaMicrobiol(Praha),48,59.
5. PrasannaR,DharDW,DominicTK,TiwariON,SinghPK.(2003)IsolationandcharacterisationofphycobiliproteinrichmutantofcyanobacteriumSynechocystissp.ActaBiolHung,54,113.
6. WuP.(2000)[Phycobiliproteinandfluorescenceimmunologicalassay].ShengLiKeXueJinZhan,31,82.
7. NoubirS,LuqueI,OchoadeAldaJA,PerewoskaI,TandeaudeMarsacN,CobleyJG,HoumardJ.(2002)Co-ordinatedexpressionofphycobiliproteinoperonsinthechromaticallyadaptingcyanobacteriumCalothrixPCC7601:aroleforRcaDandRcaG.MolMicrobiol,43,749.
8. TingCS,RocapG,KingJ,ChisholmSW.(2001)PhycobiliproteingenesofthemarinephotosyntheticprokaryoteProchlorococcus:evidenceforrapidevolutionofgeneticheterogeneity.MicroBIOLOGy,147,3171.
9. TriantafilouK,TriantafilouM,WilsonKM.(2000)Phycobiliprotein-Fabconjugatesasprobesforsingleparticlefluorescenceimaging.Cytometry,41,226.
10. ZhaoKH,DengMG,ZhengM,ZhouM,ParbelA,StorfM,MeyerM,StrohmannB,ScheerH.(2000)Novelactivityofaphycobiliproteinlyase:boththeattachmentofphycocyanobilinandtheisomerizationtophycoviolobilinarecatalyzedbytheproteinsPecEandPecFencodedbythephycoerythrocyaninoperon.FEBSLett,469,9.
AAT Bioquest AAT Bioquest是一家位于美国的生物公司，前身为ABD Bioquest，总部位于加利福尼亚州。专门从事光学检测技术十多年，一直致力于光谱学检测领域技术的创新和突破。其独特的光学检测技术，综合了化学、生物学和信息学等各个领域的研究，引领了比色、荧光和发光技术新一代光学探针的浪潮。AAT Bioquest在全球拥有强大的经验丰富的专业分销商网络，为从小型研究机构到《财富》500强企业的各类客户提供卓越的产品和定制服务。
美国AATBioquestInc.(前身是ABDBioquest，Inc.)是一家为从事生命科学研究、诊断研发及药物开发的科学家研发、生产和销售生物分析研究试剂和试剂盒的公司。公司致力于光谱学检测领域，包括吸收（颜色），荧光和发光技术。AATBioquest的产品帮助全世界的科学家和生物医药研究者更好的了解生物化学，免疫学，细胞生物学和分子生物学等领域。AATBioquest会不断介绍新产品，快速的丰富各个领域的产品。
1）我们提供反应荧光探针和发光探针，生物素和端粒酶能够应用于标记药物小分子和生物聚合物，如蛋白、核酸以及其他碳水化合物；2）我们研究并生产荧光和发光探针用于检测蛋白，核酸和活细胞。3）我们不断的推出新型的荧光和发光探针用于检测多种酶，特别是检测水解酶和氧化还原酶类；4）我们致力于开发用于信号转导研究的试剂；5）我们提供生理和神经探针，特别是钙离子指示剂和膜电位探针。
作为AATBioquestInc.的中国区域代理，艾美捷科技为中国客户提供光谱学检测领域，包括吸收（颜色），荧光和发光技术等全系列解决方案。我们也将一如既往更加努力为国内用户提供快捷、方便的高质量产品，同时更为您售前售后全面技术支持。
AATBioquest,Inc.(formerlyABDBioquest,Inc.)develops,manufacturesandmarketsbioanalyticalresearchreagentsandkitstoscientistsengagedinlifesciencesresearch,diagnosticR&Danddrugdiscovery.Wespecializeintheareaofphotometricdetectionsincludingabsorption(color),fluorescenceandluminescencetechnologies.TheCompany"sproductsenablescientistsandbiomedicalresearcherstobetterunderstandbiochemistry,immunology,cellBIOLOGyandmolecularbiology.AATBioquestconstantlyintroducesnewproducts,andoffersarapidlyexpandinglistofproductsthataregroupedintoseveralproductlines.
1)Ourreactivefluorescentandluminescentprobes,biotinsandtagenzymesareusedforlabelingsmalldrugmoleculesandbiopolymers,e.g,proteins,nucleicacidsandcarbohydrates;2)Wedevelopfluorescentandluminescentprobesfordetectingproteins,nucleicacidsandlivecells;3)Weconstantlyintroducenovelfluorescentandluminescentprobesfordetectingvariousenzymes,inparticular,hydrolyticandredoxenzymes;4)Wefocusondevelopingreagentsforsignaltransductionresearch;and5)Wealsoofferphysiologicalandneurologicalprobes,e.g.,calciumindicatorsandmembranepotentialprobes.
Besidesthestandardcatalogproductswealsooffercustomservicetomeetyourspecialresearchneeds.Ourcurrentservicesincludecustomsynthesisofcolorimetric,fluorescentandluminescentprobes,customdevelopmentofbiochemical,cell-basedanddiagnosticassaysandcustomscreeningofyourcompoundlibrariesagainstyourdefinedtargetsusingourvalidatedHTSassays.
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TUNEL的缺点是：1），操作要求高，组织样本需要固定（即使是培养细胞，也需要固定），不恰当的固定方法对实验结果影响很大，导致背景过高或者信号过弱，因此实验结果重复性不好;有的人花上半年做一个体内的TUNEL是一点都不奇怪的。2），大部分诱导凋亡的药物也引起DNA损伤，从而产生DNA断裂，易引入假阳性;3）凋亡晚期细胞基因组大量降解，导致TUNEL标记反而减少，因此此法反应的是早期凋亡比例，不能严格反应凋亡比例，属于半定量研究。
尽管有如此多缺点，但由于其是目前为数不多的能原位标记凋亡细胞的方法，因此用于组织体内凋亡研究仍然是首选。但体外细胞实验研究，很少用此法。
凋亡检测中，TUNEL并不是过时的方法，现在研究凋亡的文献仍然常见。而且相反，还比以前多一点，因为现在体内实验越来越多了，甚至线虫的凋亡研究，都用TUNEL。
凋亡研究中，的确有几种方法过时了，当然是因为有替代方案了，比如DNAladder，电镜。至于AnnexinV是不能用来和TUNEL一起评论的，前者用于细胞，而且主要是悬浮细胞，后者主要用于组织。虽然有人也做镜下的AnnexinV观察，TUNEL的细胞staining，但这都不是主流。
回到lz的原帖，的确如大家所言，做贴壁细胞，不推荐用TUNEL。如果是经典凋亡途径，只是确定比例，用最经典，最常用的subG1法即可，如果是不确定是否是凋亡，用AnnexinV，不过贴壁细胞用此法，要注意消化时间。
想请问下那个公司有专门的蛋白质荧光标记试剂盒出售。最好的是CY5的，我准备做三标。性价比越高越好
那些做过的前辈们指导一下。
那为什么SFDA不批准CA199CEAAFP等检测试剂盒作为癌症检测的手段呢？
在弱碱性（pH 8~9）、暗处、室温或40℃条件下，氨基酸的α-氨基很容易与2,4-二硝基氟苯（缩写为FDNB或DNFB）反应，生成黄色的2,4-二硝基苯氨基酸（dinitrophenyl amino acid，简称DNP-氨基酸）。多肽或蛋白质的N-末端氨基酸的α-氨基也能与FDNB反应，生成一种二硝基苯肽（DNP-肽）。由于硝基苯与氨基结合牢固，不易被水解，因此当DNP-多肽被酸水解时，所有肽键均被水解，只有N-末端氨基酸仍连在DNP上，所以产物为黄色的DNP-氨基酸和其它氨基酸的混合液。混合液中只有DNP-氨基酸溶于乙酸乙酯，所以可以用乙酸乙酯抽提并将抽提液进行色谱分析，再以标准的DNP-氨基酸作为对照鉴定出此氨基酸的种类。因此2,4-二硝基氟苯法可用于鉴定多肽或蛋白质的N-末端氨基酸。
