The fundamental structure of cell membranes is bilayers composed of phospholipids, and the vital function of the phospholipids in the membrane is to help keep it fluid and semi-permeable. Conventional glycerophospholipids have acyl chains attached to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone via an ester bond. Ether lipids are a unique class of glycerophospholipids that have an alkyl chain attached to the sn-1 position by an ether bond (glycerol-ether lipids). In ether lipids, the alcohol group attached to the phosphate is generally choline or ethanolamine. Ether-linked phospholipids such as 1-alkyl-2-acyl-phosphatidylcholine and dialkylphosphatidylcholine are also found in the plasma and organelle membranes of mammalian species. Ether lipids form approximately 20% of the total phospholipid in mammals with different tissue distribution; brain, heart, spleen and white blood cells have the highest levels, while liver have a very little amount of ether lipids.
Studies on the formation and thermodynamic properties of ether-linked phospholipid bilayer membranes have indicated that in contrast to ester-linked phospholipid, the formation of the non-bilayer structure takes place spontaneously. This is attributed to the weaker interaction between polar headgroups in the ether-linked than that in the ester-linked phospholipids. It has also shown that the phase behavior of the ether-linked phospholipid bilayer membranes in ambient pressure is almost equivalent to that of the ester-linked phospholipid bilayer membranes under high temperatures and pressures, and the difference in the phase behavior decrease as the alkyl-chain length increases.
Due to distinctive properties of ether lipids, liposomes made from ether lipids exhibit very unique characteristics and performance: a) the ether bonds are more stable than ester linkages over a wide range of acidic or alkaline pH; b) stability properties of the liposomes is enhanced by bipolar lipids, and the saturated alkyl chains gives stability towards degradation in oxidative conditions; c) the unusual stereochemistry of the glycerol backbone enhance the resistance against the attacks by other organism phospholipases.
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) cannot hydrolyze the ether lipid liposomes. Diether lipids do not go through hydrolysis due to having an ether bond instead of an acyl bond and therefore to do that, they are a suitable candidate for experiments that needs to be performed at a higher temperature for an extended period of time. For more information about hydrolysis and oxidation of phospholipids see here.
Saturated diether lipids can neither be hydrolyzed nor oxidized.
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其检测原理为：在正常的活细胞中，磷脂酰丝氨酸（phosphotidylserine，PS）位于细胞膜的内侧，但在早期凋亡的细胞中，PS 从细胞膜的内侧翻转到细胞膜的表面，暴露在细胞外环境中。Annexin-Ⅴ（膜联蛋白-V）是一种分子量为35-36KD的Ca2+ 依赖性磷脂结合蛋白，能与PS高亲和力结合。可通过细胞外侧暴露的磷脂酰丝氨酸与凋亡早期细胞的胞膜结合。
操作步骤：
1.从室温平衡20min后的铝箔袋中取出所需板条，剩余板条用自封袋密封放回4℃。
2.设置标准品孔和样本孔，标准品孔各加不同浓度的标准品50μL；
3.样本孔中加入待测样本50μL；空白孔不加。
4.除空白孔外，标准品孔和样本孔中每孔加入辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记的检测抗体100μL，用封板膜封住反应孔，37℃水浴锅或恒温箱温育60min。
5.弃去液体，吸水纸上拍干，每孔加满洗涤液（350μL），静置1min，甩去洗涤液，吸水纸上拍干，如此重复洗板5次（也可用洗板机洗板）。
6.每孔加入底物A、B各50μL，37℃避光孵育15min。
7.每孔加入终止液50μL，15min内，在450nm波长处测定各孔的OD值。
不知道发在这里合适不，实在是求助无门啊！版主手下留情。
想请问下那个公司有专门的蛋白质荧光标记试剂盒出售。最好的是CY5的，我准备做三标。性价比越高越好
那些做过的前辈们指导一下。
2、 血浆：EDTA、柠檬酸盐、肝素血浆可用于检测。1000×g离心30分钟去除颗粒。
3、 细胞上清液：1000×g离心10分钟去除颗粒和聚合物。
4、 组织匀浆：将组织加入适量生理盐水捣碎。1000×g离心10分钟，取上清液。
5、 保存：如果样品不立即使用，应将其分成小部分-70℃保存，避免反复冷冻。尽可能的不要使用溶血或高血脂血。如果血清中大量颗粒，检测前先离心或过滤。不要在37℃或更高的温度加热解冻。应在室温下解冻并确保样品均匀地充分解冻。
此IBL试剂盒能用于小鼠血清,EDTA血浆,细胞上清中白介素-6的定量检测 试剂盒成分 1 预包被板: 抗小鼠白介素-6兔子IgG,亲合纯化 96T 2 酶标记抗体: (30倍浓缩)HRP标记抗小鼠白介素-6兔子IgG,亲合纯化 0.4mL x 1 3 标准品: 重组小鼠白介素-6 0.5mL x 2 4 EIA缓冲液: 含1% BSA, 0.05%吐温20 BPS 30mL x 1 5 标记抗体稀释液: 含1% BSA, 0.05%吐温20 BPS 12mL x 1 6 显色剂: TMB底物液 15mL x 1 7 终止液: 1N硫酸 12mL x 1 8 浓缩洗涤液: (40倍浓缩) 含1% BSA, 0.05%吐温20 BPS 50mL x 1 操作说明 1实验所需器材(但试剂盒没有提供) 酶标仪(450nm) 微移液管及其吸嘴 量筒及烧杯 去离子水 冰箱(4°C) 坐标纸(log/log) 吸水纸 试管(用于标准品稀释) 温育箱(37°C ± 1°C) 洗瓶 (用于洗板) 一次性试剂管(用于浓缩酶标记抗体和显色剂)向左转|向右转
