
Serum-SalivaCorrelation | NA |
Sensitivity | 0.4U/mL |
SampleTestVolume | 10μL |
RecommendedCollectionVolume | 25μL* |
SpecialConsiderations | α-Amylaseis LocationDependent α-Amylasehasa DiurnalRhythm α-Amylasemaybe FlowRateDependent |
CollectionProtocol | DownloadPDF |
Alpha-Amylase(orα-Amylase)isadigestiveenzymethathydrolysesalpha-1,4bondsoflargepolysaccharidessuchasstarchandglycogen,yieldingthesmallerby-productsofglucoseandmaltose.(1)Alphaamylaseissynthesizedintheacinarcellsofthesalivaglandsandstoredinsecretorygranulesinsidethecells.(2) Itsreleasefromthesalivarycellsisgreatlyincreasedinresponsetotasteorchewingmotionsofthejaw.(3,4,5) Salivaryα-amylaselevelsarenotrelatedtoα-amylaselevelsinblood,whicharederivedfrompancreaticsecretion.(1) Inadditiontoitsdigestivefunction,alpha-amylasealsoplaysanimportantanti-bacterialroleintheoralcavity;forthisreasonitispresentinlowerlevelsinnon-stimulatedsalivabetweenmeals.(6,7)Salivaryα-amylaseexhibitsadiurnalrhythm,withapronounceddecreasewithin60minutesafterawakeningandasteadyincreaseofactivityduringthecourseoftheday.(8) Alpha-amylaseproductioninthesalivaglandsincreasesinresponsetopsychologicalandphysicalstressthroughinteractionswiththeautonomicnervoussystem,andithasbeenfoundtobeausefulasaMarkerofactivityintheautonomicnervoussystem. (9,10,11) Salivaryalpha-amylaselevelshavebeenusedasabiomarkerofANSactivityinvariousfieldsofbiobehavioralresearch.(12,13,14,15)
- Schenkels,L.C.,Veerman,E.C.,NieuwAmerongen,A.V.(1995).Biochemicalcompositionofhumansalivainrelationtoothermucosalfluids. CritRevOralBiolMed,6(2),161-75.
- Gorr,S.U.,Venkatesh,S.G.,Darling,D.S.(2005). Parotidsecretorygranules:Crossroadsofsecretorypathwaysandproteinstorage.JDentRes,84(6),500-9.
- Ekstrom,J.(2001).Gustatory-salivaryreflexesinducenon-adrenergic,non-cholinergicacinardegranulationintheratparotidgland. ExpPhysiol,86(4),475-80.
- Jensen,J.L.,Brodin,P.,Berg,T.,Aars,H.(1991). Parotidsecretionoffluid,amylaseandkallikreinduringreflexstimulationundernormalconditionsandafteracuteadmiNISTrationofautonomicblockingagentsinman. ActaPhysiolScand,143(3),321-29.
- Mackie,D.A.,Pangborn,R.M.(1990).Masticationanditsinfluenceonhumansalivaryflowandalpha-amylasesecretion. PhysiolBehav,47(3),593-95.
- Scannapieco,F.A.,Torres,G.,Levine,M.J.(1993). Salivaryalpha-amylase:Roleindentalplaqueandcariesformation. CritRevOralBiolMed,4(3-4),301-07.
- Douglas,C.W.(1983)Thebindingofhumansalivaryα-amylasebyoralstrainsofstreptococcalbacteria. ArchOralBiol,28(7),567-73.
- Nater,U.M.,Rohleder,N.,Schlotz,W.,etal.(2007). Determinantsofthediurnalcourseofsalivaryalpha-amylase. Psychoneuroendocrinology,32(4),392-401.
- Nater,U.M.,Rohleder,N.(2009). Salivaryalpha-amylaseasanon-invasivebiomarkerforthesympatheticnervoussystem:Currentstateofresearch. Psychoneuroendocrinology,34(4),486-96.
- vanStegeren,A.,Rohleder,N.,Everaerd,W.,Wolf,O.T.(2006). Salivaryalphaamylaseasmarkerforadrenergicactivityduringstress: Effectofbetablockade. Psychoneuroendocrinology,31(1),137-41.
- Proctor,G.B.,Carpenter,G.H.(2007). Regulationofsalivaryglandfunctionbyautonomicnerves. AutonNeurosci,133(1),3-18.
- Keller,P.S.,El-Sheikh,M.,Vaughn,B.,Granger,D.A.(2009).Salivaryalpha-amylaseasalongitudinalpredictorofchildren’sexternalizingsymptoms:Respiratorysinusarrhythmiaasamoderatorofeffects. Psychoneuroendocrinology,34(5),633-43.
- Gordis,E.B.,Margolin,G.,Spies,L.,etal.(2010). Interparentalaggressionandparent-adolescentsalivaryalphaamylasesymmetry. PhysiolBehav, 100(3),225-33.
- Gordis,E.B.,Granger,D.A.,Susman,E.J.,Tickett,P.K.(2008).Salivaryalphaamylase-cortisolasymmetryinmaltreatedyouth. HormBehav,53(1),96-103.
- Granger,D.A.,Kivlighan,K.T.,El-Sheikh,M.,etal.(2007). Salivaryα-amylaseinbiobehavioralresearch:Recentdevelopmentsandapplications. AnnNYAcadSci,1098,122-44.)
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(1)优级纯试剂 亦称保证试剂,为一级品,纯度高,杂质极少,主要用于精密分析和科学研究,常以GR表示。
(2)分析纯试剂 亦称分析试剂,为二级品,纯度略低于优级纯,杂质含量略高于优级纯,适用于重要分析和一般性研究工作,常以AR表示。
(3)化学纯试剂 为三级品,纯度较分析纯差,但高于实验试剂,适用于工厂、学校一般性的分析工作,常以CP表示。
(4)实验试剂 为四级品,纯度比化学纯差,但比工业品纯度高,主要用于一般化学实验,不能用于分析工作,常以 LR表示。
以上按试剂纯度的分类法已在我国通用。根据化学工业部颁布的“化学试剂包装及标志”的规定,化学试剂的不同等级分别用各种不同的颜色来标志,见表1。
表1 我国化学试剂的等级及标志
bhclna2so4nano3na2co3
chclnaohna2co3nacl
dba(oh)2nahco3alcl3nahso4
刚入这行,谢谢大家
A.H2SO4Na2SO4AgNO3BaCl2.
B.NaOHNa2CO3NaHSO4MgCl2
C.CaCl2NaNO3MgSO4BaCl2
D.HNO3KOHKClK2CO3


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