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Overview:
EGFR is the receptor for members of the EGF family and is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has tyrosine kinase activity. Binding of epidermal growth factor to EGFR induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and cell survival (1). Activation of EGFR triggers mitogenic signaling in gastrointestinal mucosa, and its expression is upregulated in colon cancers and most neoplasms (2). Activation of EGFR triggers activation of the ERK-signaling pathway in normal gastric epithelial and colon cancer cell lines. Inactivation of EGFR with selective inhibitors significantly reduces ERK2 activation, c-fos mRNA expression and cell proliferation.
Gene Aliases:
ERBB, mENA, ERBB1, HER1
Genbank Number:
NM_005228
References:
1. Wang K, et al: Epidermal growth factor receptor-deficient mice have delayed primary endochondral ossification because of defective osteoclast recruitment. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 53848-53856, 2004.2. Kobayashi S, et al: EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. New Eng. J. Med. 352: 786-792, 2005.
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逆转录(reverse transcription)是以RNA为模板合成DNA的过程,即RNA指导下的DNA合成。是RNA病毒的复制形式,需逆转录酶的催化。艾滋病病毒(HIV)就是一种典型的逆转录病毒。
逆转录与反转录严格意义上来说没有什么区别,但是逆转录是RNA类病毒自主行为,在整合到宿主细胞内以RNA为模板形成DNA的过程;反转录是进行基因工程过程中,人为地提取出所需要的目的基因的信使RNA,并以之为模板人工合成DNA的过程。二者虽同为RNA→DNA的过程,但地点不同,相对性的来说,逆转录在体内,反转录在体外。
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