In order to develop a rapid and straightforward coupling procedure at the PEG terminus, a method of direct coupling antibodies to the PEG terminus of liposomes was introduced by Bendas et al. In this methodology, antibodies are simply attached to the PEG terminus of liposomes, which had been endgroup-functionalized with cyanuric chloride, in mild basic conditions (pH 8.8) without prior antibody derivatizations. It has been shown that in order to obtain a stable attachment of proteins on liposome, the DSPE-PEG-cyanur was added into the liposomes to chemically conjugate with proteins to form a stable complex and minimize the denaturation of proteins.
Proteins can be covalently coupled to the liposomes via amine-reactive cyanur-groups, either directly to the vesicle surface using cyanuric chloride-activated DSPE (cyanur-DSPE) or to the distal ends of PEG-spacers using activated cyanur-PEG-PE (ammonium salt). Cyanuric chloride at the PEG terminus functions to link peptides, antibodies and other amine-containing biomolecules or nanoparticles via a nucleophilic substitution reaction under basic conditions. Antibodies or other proteins can be conjugated without any previous derivatization.
ImmunoFluor™-Cyanur is a PEGylated product. For other reactive (PEGylated and non-PEGyalated products) ImmunoFluor™ products suitable for other types conjugation methods see here.
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如果要是直接注射，就不知道了
1.模板提取（一般为RNA）：Trizol、氯仿、异丙醇、无水乙醇、DEPC处理水
2.模板浓度测定：分光光度计或NanoDrop
3.逆转录：逆转录试剂盒（或者一步法试剂盒），这一步可以用普通PCR做，也可以用水域做。
4.荧光定量PCR试剂：通常有用SYBR Green Mix做的，但是这里建议你用EvaGreen做，灵敏度和平行性都要好于SYBR Green，并且如果你那是ABI或者Stratagene的PCR如果用SYBR Green还需要加一步Rox很麻烦。
5.其他：除了以上的那些还需要离心管、PCR管或板（Axygen反应比较好）、移液枪等，暂时就想到这么多。
两个意义不一样啊，定性是确定你抗体是阴还是阳的，如果阳证明2个情况，一个是你感染了丙肝病毒，另一个是你曾经感染过这个病毒，现在已经好了。但是到底是哪个情况还要进一步做定量测试既病毒RNA检测。如果这个测试值在最低线以下就证明你现在没事，不具有传染性也不是患者只是携带者；如果高于最低线那你就是患者了，就需要治疗
