Alpha-thrombin is a highly specific serine protease generated by proteolytic activation of the zymogen prothrombin (1). During coagulation, thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin, leading to the ultimate step in coagulation, the formation of a fibrin clot. Thrombin is also responsible for feedback activation of the procofactors factor V and factor VIII. Thrombin has also been reported to activate factor XIII and platelets, and also functions as a vasoconstrictor protein. The procoagulant activity of thrombin is arrested in two ways: 1) inhibition by either heparin cofactor II or the antithrombin III/heparin complex; or 2) complex formation with thrombomodulin. Formation of the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex results in the inability of thrombin to cleave fibrinogen and activate factors V and VIII, but increases the efficiency of thrombin for activation of the anticoagulant, protein C.
Thrombin is a two chain enzyme composed of an NH2-terminal "A" chain (Mr=6,000) and a COOH-terminal "B" chain (Mr=31,000) which remain covalently associated through a single disulfide bond. Human thrombin is 13 amino acids shorter than the bovine thrombin due to a thrombin cleavage site on the human protein that is not present in the bovine protein.
Thrombin is also utilized for site specific cleavage of fusion proteins expressed in bacteria (9-11). A thrombin sensitive site is incorporated between the recombinant protein of interest and peptides or proteins which facilitate purification and/or expression. The target protein is released from the expressed hybrid by cleavage with thrombin. Thrombin can then be easily removed by affinity chromatography.
Human, bovine and mouse thrombin are prepared from purified prothrombin using a modification of the Lundblad procedure (1) as described by Nesheim et al. (2). Thrombin is supplied in 50% (vol/vol) glycerol/H2O and should be stored at -20oC. Purity is determined by SDS-PAGE analysis and activity is measured in a thrombin specific clotting assay, and compared to standardized NIH thrombin. Thrombin is also available with the active site blocked with either DFP, FPRck, or biotinlyated FPRck.
Cleavage of Fusion ProteinsIn addition to its broad application in coagulation research thrombin can be used for site specific cleavage of fusion proteins. A thrombin sensitive site is incorporated between the recombinant protein of interest and peptides or proteins which facilitate purification and/or expression. The target protein is released from the expressed hybrid by cleavage with thrombin. Thrombin can then be easily removed by affinity chromatography. Lot to lot consistency ensures reproducible results every time. For experiments involving cell cultures, please contact us to discuss custom, low endotoxin lots designated for cell culture use.
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磷酸肌酸激酶（CPK），主要存在于骨骼肌和心肌，在脑组织中也存在，是参与体内的能量代谢的一种酶。在临床上主要用于诊断心肌梗塞。心肌梗塞患者发病后2－4小时，血液中此酶活动即开始升高。比血清中谷草转酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶的活力变化都出现得早。
临床意义：
（1）心肌梗塞后，CPK较谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶特异性高，但持续时间短，2－4天恢复正常。
（2）病毒性心肌炎，CPK也可升高，对诊断及预后有参考价值。
（3）进行性肌营养不良、多发性肌炎以及肌肉损伤时CPK也可升高。
（4）严重的心绞痛、心包炎、房颤、脑血管意外、脑膜炎以及心脏手术等，CPK可见升高。
大家好，有几个设计的药物分子需要测试活性，不知道谁能提供下能做相关测试服务的机构或个人信息不?非常感谢！
protease
水解蛋白质肽键的一类酶的总称。按其水解多肽的方式，可以将其分为内肽酶和外肽酶两类。内肽酶将蛋白质分子内部切断，形成分子量较小的月示和胨。外肽酶从蛋白质分子的游离氨基或羧基的末端逐个将肽键水解，而游离出氨基酸，前者为氨基肽酶后者为羧基肽酶。按其活性中心和最适pH值，又可将蛋白酶分为丝氨酸蛋白酶、巯基蛋白酶、金属蛋白酶和酸性蛋白酶。按其反应的最适pH值，分为酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶。工业生产上应用的蛋白酶，主要是内肽酶。
蛋白激酶
protein kinase
又称蛋白质磷酸化酶(protein phosphakinase)。一类催化蛋白质磷酸化反应的酶。
