Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most abundant and primary carrier of the required energy for various functions in cells. Prolonged ischemia, reperfusion, anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation can lead to a dramatic decrease of ATP, cell swelling, cell rupture, and finally cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Due to drastic hydrolysis of ATP in vivo by ectoenzymes and poor cellular penetration, the direct delivery of ATP to the ischemic tissues is difficult.
To increase delivery of ATP to the tissues and protect from enzymatic degradation, encapsulation in liposomes has been proposed and demonstrated in various models of ischemia [1,2]. Studies on myocardial [1,3,4], liver [5-8], retina [9] and wound healing [10-12] ischemia have shown the ability of liposomal encapsulated ATP to prevent cell death and tissue dysfunction following ischemic events.
The encapsulation of ATP in liposomes markedly promotes its effectiveness by preventing the hydrolysis by extracellular enzymes, increasing ATP circulation time and enhancing its intracellular penetration. Depending on the type of the cell line and the target organ various types of liposomes with different surface charges such as anionic, cationic and neutral has been studied by various groups. Moreover, ATP encapsulated liposomes has been demonstrated to improve energy state and function of the cold-stored liver [6,7,13].
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Elisa生物试验是一种敏感性高,特异性强,重复性好的实验诊断方法。
但是在选择的时候,也需要注意其他的一些问题。
1、采用何种原料和抗体,是否高效、灵敏、特异
2、规范包被操作,吸附是否均匀
3、重复性、可靠性
6、是否提供技术服务
7、适用于血浆、血清、组织匀浆液、细胞培养上清液、尿液等多种类型的样本
8、可检测动物类型是否丰富
9、可检测指标是否齐全
elisa试剂盒 就查下博欧特生物
使用方法：
1、 血清：操作过程中避免任何细胞刺激。使用不含热原和内毒素的试管。收集血液后，1000×g离心10分钟将血红细胞迅速小心地分离。
2、 血浆：EDTA、柠檬酸盐、肝素血浆可用于检测。1000×g离心30分钟去除颗粒。
3、 细胞上清液：1000×g离心10分钟去除颗粒和聚合物。
4、 组织匀浆：将组织加入适量生理盐水捣碎。1000×g离心10分钟，取上清液。
5、 保存：如果样品不立即使用，应将其分成小部分-70℃保存，避免反复冷冻。尽可能的不要使用溶血或高血脂血。如果血清中大量颗粒，检测前先离心或过滤。不要在37℃或更高的温度加热解冻。应在室温下解冻并确保样品均匀地充分解冻。
1、采用何种原料和抗体,是否高效、灵敏、特异
2、规范包被操作,吸附是否均匀
3、重复性、可靠性
6、是否提供技术服务
7、适用于血浆、血清、组织匀浆液、细胞培养上清液、尿液等多种类型的样本
8、可检测动物类型是否丰富
9、可检测指标是否齐全
