Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most abundant and primary carrier of the required energy for various functions in cells. Prolonged ischemia, reperfusion, anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation can lead to a dramatic decrease of ATP, cell swelling, cell rupture, and finally cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Due to drastic hydrolysis of ATP in vivo by ectoenzymes and poor cellular penetration, the direct delivery of ATP to the ischemic tissues is difficult.
To increase delivery of ATP to the tissues and protect from enzymatic degradation, encapsulation in liposomes has been proposed and demonstrated in various models of ischemia [1,2]. Studies on myocardial [1,3,4], liver [5-8], retina [9] and wound healing [10-12] ischemia have shown the ability of liposomal encapsulated ATP to prevent cell death and tissue dysfunction following ischemic events.
The encapsulation of ATP in liposomes markedly promotes its effectiveness by preventing the hydrolysis by extracellular enzymes, increasing ATP circulation time and enhancing its intracellular penetration. Depending on the type of the cell line and the target organ various types of liposomes with different surface charges such as anionic, cationic and neutral has been studied by various groups. Moreover, ATP encapsulated liposomes has been demonstrated to improve energy state and function of the cold-stored liver [6,7,13].
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的试剂：免疫吸附剂、结合物和酶的底物。
完整的ELISA试剂盒包含以下各组分：
（1）已包被抗原或抗体的固相载体（免疫吸附剂）；
（2）酶标记的抗原或抗体（结合物）；
（3）酶的底物；
（4）阴性对照品和阳性对照品（定性测定中），参考标准品和控制血清（定量测定
中）；
（5）结合物及标本的稀释液；
（6）洗涤液；
（7）酶反应终止液。
elisa试剂盒回收率是反应待测物在样品分析过程中的损失的程度，损失越少，回收率越高，如果作标液1PPM，就是1毫克/升，而作出标准数据为0.99毫克/升，就是说你的回收率是99%，这个与真实成分有密切的关系，说明方法的准确度。比如水中总无机氯含量测定，样品水中含有无机氯20mg/L，取100mL被测水样品，加入0.1mL浓度为10mg/mL的含无机氯标准样品，测定时忽略体积变化，如果测定出样品中无机氯为2.98mg/L，则认为回收率为99%。向左转|向右转
2、规范包被操作，吸附是否均匀
3、重复性、可靠性
6、是否提供技术
7、适用于血浆、血清、组织匀浆液、细胞培养上清液、尿液等多种类型的样本
8、可检测动物类型是否丰富
9、可检测指标是否齐全
