Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most abundant and primary carrier of the required energy for various functions in cells. Prolonged ischemia, reperfusion, anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation can lead to a dramatic decrease of ATP, cell swelling, cell rupture, and finally cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Due to drastic hydrolysis of ATP in vivo by ectoenzymes and poor cellular penetration, the direct delivery of ATP to the ischemic tissues is difficult.
To increase delivery of ATP to the tissues and protect from enzymatic degradation, encapsulation in liposomes has been proposed and demonstrated in various models of ischemia [1,2]. Studies on myocardial [1,3,4], liver [5-8], retina [9] and wound healing [10-12] ischemia have shown the ability of liposomal encapsulated ATP to prevent cell death and tissue dysfunction following ischemic events.
The encapsulation of ATP in liposomes markedly promotes its effectiveness by preventing the hydrolysis by extracellular enzymes, increasing ATP circulation time and enhancing its intracellular penetration. Depending on the type of the cell line and the target organ various types of liposomes with different surface charges such as anionic, cationic and neutral has been studied by various groups. Moreover, ATP encapsulated liposomes has been demonstrated to improve energy state and function of the cold-stored liver [6,7,13].
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DAS-ELISA试剂盒中抗体有包被抗体和酶标抗体，这两种抗体是一种抗体，前者没有酶标，后者用酶进行了标记。
NCM-ELISA一般有一抗和二抗，这两种抗体不一样，前者（一抗）一般是鼠抗体或兔抗体，没有酶标，相对应的二抗一般是羊抗鼠或羊抗兔抗体，用酶进行标记。也有用马大规模备抗体的。
TDS-ELISA是三抗体ELISA，第三级的抗体是将信号级联放大。
以上三种是比较常见的，还有其他一些试剂盒，可参考免疫学的内容。
首先要什么有什么的，你得好好考虑一下。
2、看生产地址
根本没有生产地址，我们知道做实验做产品需要很多的仪器、试剂、耗材，没有人相信一间简单的屋子可以生产各种样的试剂盒。
3、看产品包装
没有任何的生产地址、联系方式等信息，这种产品有问题了连个投诉的地方都没有。
4、看公司网站
有些打着国外原装旗号，整个公司网站为英文页面，实际注册IP地址在中国。如果写着国外的地址，让你国外的朋友实地去看一下！
5、做交叉验证
拿对方提供的几个种类的试剂盒，把里面的关键组份相互替换做做实验，如果交叉严重，只能说明是一种原料生产的试剂盒贴了不同的标签。
6、看价格
价格低得离谱，却打着进口大公司原料分装，核算成本，这种低得离谱的价格是连原料都买不起的。
