During the past five decades, various types of chemistries have been used for conjugation of molecules such as antibodies, peptides, proteins or other reactive ligands to the surface of liposomes. In general, the conjugation can be achieved through the N-terminus, the C-terminus or the available sulfur (e.g. Fab’ fraction or thiolated antibodies). Not all chemistries have the same yield and efficiency of conjugation and often reproducing biocompatible batches can be a challenge.
Copper-free click chemistry is a fairly new chemistry that has been commercialized during the past few years. More and more click chemistry-based reagents are becoming available commercially which makes the formulation development much easier for scientists. The great advantage of this chemistry is biocompatibility since no cytotoxic copper catalyst is required. By far, click chemistry is the most efficient and easiest conjugation chemistry available for coupling of antibodies and other reactive ligands to the surface of the liposomes. The conjugation chemistry is based on the reaction of the dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) reagent with an azide linker to form a stable triazole. DBCO moiety can be on the antibody and azide moiety can be on liposomes and vice versa. Here, azide moiety is on the liposome and DBCO moiety is on the antibody, protein or peptide.
There are many commercialized reagents that can be used for DBCO modification of proteins, peptides and antibodies. To see the list of commercialized reagents for DBCO modification see here.
For other amine reactive (PEGylated and non-PEGyalated products) and also ImmunoFluor™ products suitable for other types conjugation methods see here.
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将来可能会出现基于免疫方法的试剂盒，不过因为H7N9是个新病毒，爆发至今不足一月，这么快时间还来不及生产抗体，所以目前的检测试剂盒只能是PCR检测试剂盒。
查到了：
4月7日，上海之江生物科技有限公司官方微博称，该公司成功研制禽流感H7N9(2013)核酸测定试剂盒(荧光PCR法)，是针对国内此次H7N9病毒最早研制成功的产品，也是国内目前唯一供应的成品化试剂盒。
