Eliminateendotoxinsatthesource
- GeneticallymodifiedLPSdoesnottriggerendotoxicresponseinmammaliancells
- PlasmidyieldssimilartoDH10Bcells
- Idealformammaliantransfectionandproteinexpression
- Skipexpensive,timeconsumingendotoxinremovalsteps
- Frequentlyaskedquestions
- Introduction
- Genotypeinformation
- Whyendo-freeplasmidprepisnotthebestmethod
- PlasmidproductionwithClearColi
- Endotoxicity/LALlevels
- TransfectionandproteinexpressionfromClearColiPlasmids
- GrowthratesforClearColiK-12cells
- Usefulreferencearticles
- ClearColilicensinginformation
IntroductiontoClearColi®technology:
Isthereabetterwaytoeliminateendotoxincontamination?
Nowthereis.
Insteadofremovinglipopolysaccharide(LPS)contaminationfromyourproteinorplasmidDNApreparations,eliminatetheLPSatthesource. GeneticallymodifiedLPSfromanovel E.coli strainproducesfunctionallycleanrecombinantproteinsandplasmids. ClearColi®cellsarethefirstcommerciallyavailablecompetentcellswithamodifiedLPS(LipidIVA -seeFig.1)thatdoesnottriggertheendotoxicresponseinmammaliancells.ClearColicellslackoutermembraneagoNISTsforhTLR4/MD-2activation;therefore,activationofhTLR4/MD-2signallingbyClearColiisseveralordersofmagnitudelowercomparedwith E.coli wild-typecells,andplasmidDNApreparedfromClearColiisvirtuallyfreeofendotoxicactivity.AfterminimalpurificationfromClearColicells,proteinsorplasmids(whichmaystillcontain LipidIVA)canstillbeusedinmostapplicationswithoutelicitinganendotoxicresponse(seeEndotoxicityLALLevelsfordetails).
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| Figure1.TheLPSofanormalE.colicellcomparedtothegeneticallymodifiedLipidIVAfromClearColicells. InClearColi,theoligosaccharidechainhasbeendeleted,andtwoofthesixacylchainshavebeenremovedtodisabletheendotoxinsignal. |
ModificationstothegenotypeoftheClearColicellsconsistofsevenseparategenedeletions,therebyensuringthatthereisnochanceofgeneticreversionbacktowildtypeandproductionofnormalLPS. ThesemutationsresultinthedeletionoftheoligosaccharidechainfromtheLPS,makingiteasiertoremovetheresultinglipidIVA fromthedownstreamproduct. Moreimportantly,twoofthesixacylchainsaredeleted. ThesixacylchainsoftheLPSarethetriggerthatisrecognizedbytheToll-likereceptor4(TLR4)incomplexwithmyeloiddifferentiationfactor2(MD-2),causingactivationofNF-ƙBandproductionofproinflammatorycytokines. LipidIVA,whichcontainsonlyfouracylchains,isnotrecognizedbyTLR4andthusdoesnottriggertheendotoxicresponse(seeFig.2).
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Fig.2.ComparisonofrelativeNF-κBinductioninHEK-BlueCellsusingpurifiedLPSfromaK-12 E.coli strainorfrompure,syntheticallymanufacturedLipidIVA. |
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GenotypeInformation:
ClearColiK-12competentcellshavethefollowinggenotype:
F-,&lamBDa;- ΔendAΔrecAmsbA52frr181ΔgutQΔkdsDΔlpxLΔlpxMΔpagPΔlpxPΔeptA
Sevenspecificdeletionmutations(ΔgutQΔkdsDΔlpxLΔlpxMΔpagPΔlpxPΔeptA)encodethemodificationofLPStoLipidIVA,whileoneadditionalcompensatingmutation(msbA52)enablesthecellstomaintainviABIlityinthepresenceoftheLPSprecursorlipidIVA.
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WhyEndo-freePlasmidPrepisnottheBestMethod
Topreventtoxicityincellstobetransfected,plasmidsproducedin E.colimustbeessentiallyfreeofendotoxin.However,efficienteliminationofendotoxinisachallengingtask,andendo-freeplasmidprepmethodsareexpensiveandtimeconsuming. ClearColiK-12cellsproduceplasmidDNAwithendotoxinlevelslessthanorequaltoplasmidspreppedfromstandardE.colicloninglinesandQiagen'sEndofreeMaxiPrepkits.
ClearColiK-12cellsallowuseofstandardplasmidprepinsteadofendo-freemethods:
- Savesupto90%inplasmidprepcosts
- Saves1hourormoreinpreptime
- Hightransfectionandproteinexpressionlevelswithoutconcernforendotoxincontamination
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PlasmidProductionwithClearColiK-12Cells
ClearColiK-12cellsareendA-andrecA-forthehighestqualityplasmidproduction. PlasmidyieldsfromClearColiK-12cellsareequalorgreaterthanthoseobtainedfromnormalDH10Bcompetentcells. Table1comparesyieldsfrom1mLminiprepsforbothClearColiK-12andE.Cloni10G(equivalentOD'swereusedforbothpreps).
PlasmidDNAYield | |
ClearColiK-12 | 4.83µg/mL |
E.Cloni10G | 3.75µg/mL |
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Endotoxicity/LALLevels
Limulus amebocyteassaytestingisanFDA-approvedmethodfordetectionofendotoxinsandthemostcommonassayused. Asshowninfigure3,astandardplasmidpurificationstepforDNAproducedfromClearColicellsresultsinLALresponselevelslessthan1%ofthatproducedbyplasmidsderivedfromstandardDH10Bcellsandstandardprepmethods. TheEUlevelsdetectedfromClearColiK-12derivedplasmidsarealsoequivalentorlowerthantothoseobtainedfromDH10BderivedplasmidspreparedwithQiagen'sEndofreeMaxiprepkits(datanotshown).
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| Fig.3Comparisonofpost-plasmidpurificationendotoxinunitsdetectedfromClearColiK-12(redbars)andDH10B(E.cloni10G,greybars)competentcells.PlasmidDNAfromClearColidemonstratessignificantreductioninEU/mgwithouttheneedforendotoxinfreeplasmidprepkits. |
ItshouldbenotedthattheresidualEUmeasurementsarelikelyduetothenon-specificnatureoftheLALassayunlessextraneousLPScontaminationfromothersourcesispresent.TheLALassayisactivatedsolelybythe4´-monophosphoryldiglucosaminebackboneofLPS. LALactivityisminimallyinfluencedbyacylationpatternofLPS,thekeydeterminantofendotoxicityineukaryoticcells. TheLALassayalsorecognizesawiderspectrumofLPS/lipidAvariantsthanthecentralcellularendotoxinsensorsystemofthehumanimmunecellsystem. Assuch,falsepositiveresultscanandwillresultduetothelackofspecificityoftheassay.
Alternativetoxicityassays,suchasthoseusingHEK-Bluecells(seeClearColi®BL21(DE3)cellsformoreinformation)suggestthateveninthepresenceofEUlevelsabovethreshholdsnormallytargetedbyresearchers,theactualimmunogeniceffectsfromClearColi-derivedproductsarenon-existent. Duetothenon-specificityoftheLALassaywhencombinedwithlipidIVA fromClearColi,itissuggestedthatresearchersconsideralternativemethodsofendotoxinmeasurement.
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TransfectionandproteinexpressionfromClearColiPlasmids
Withtheoriginalsourceofendotoxineliminated,itisnowpossIBLetotransfectplasmidDNApreppedwithstandardmethodsdirectlyintohumanorothermammaliancelllineswithoutconcernforcellviability,alteredcellularresponsesorpoorproteinexpression. Toprovethis,aplasmid(pME-HA)containingageneencodingafluorescentproteinwasclonedintobothClearColiK-12andDH10BE.coli. TheplasmidfromClearColiwasthenisolatedviastandardQiagenMaxiprepkitmethod,whiletheplasmidfromDH10BwasisolatedusingQiagen'sEndofreeMaxiKit. TheresultingplasmidsweretransfectedintoHEK293Tcellsforproteinexpression(Figure4). Nodifferencesincellviabilityorproteinexpressionlevelshavebeenobservedwhenusinganon-endofreeplasmidprepmethodincombinationwithClearColi-derivedplasmids.
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| Figure4.ComparisonofexpressionofagreenfluorescentproteininHEK293TcellsfromClearColi-derivedplasmidsandstandardmaxiprep(left)vs.DH10B-derivedplasmidsandendofreemaxiprep(right).Theupperpanelsshowfluorescence;thelowerpanelsshowacombinedfluorescenceandbrightfieldimage. |
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GrowthRatesforClearColiK-12Cells
ClearColiK-12cellsgrowatapproximately50%oftherateofnormalDH10Bcells(seeFig.5). Usersshouldexpecttoseeverysmallcoloniesforthefirst24hoursafterplatingtransformants. Lucigenrecommendsincubatingplatesfor32-40hoursbeforepickingcoloniesforfutureexperiments. Whengrowntosufficientdensities,ClearColiK-12cellsproducesimilarplasmidyieldsasnormalDH10Bcells.
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| Figure5.ComparisonofgrowthratesforClearColiK12ElectrocompetentCellsvs.E.cloni 10GELITEElectrocompetentcells. CellsweretransformedwithpME-HA-CometandinoculatedtoaninitialOD600 of~0.01in200mLofLBMillermediumandgrownat37°Cwithshakingat210rpm.TheOD600 ofthecultureswasrecordedeveryhalfhour. |
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RelevantReferenceArticles:
- Teghanemt,etal,MolecularBasisofReducedPotencyofUnderacylatedEndotoxins,JImmunol,2005;175:4669-4676
- Mamat,etal,SingleaminoacidsubstitutionsineitherYhjDorMsbAconferviabilityto3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonicacid-depletedEscherichiacoli,MolecularMicroBIOLOGy,2008,67(3),633–648
- Meredith,etal,RedefiningtheRequisiteLipopolysaccharideStructureinEscherichiacoli,ACSChemicalBiology,2006,1(1),33-42
- Brandenburg,etal,TheExpressionofEndotoxicActivityintheLimulusTestasComparedtoCytokineProductioninImmuneCells,CurrentMedicinalChemistry,2009,16,2653-2660
- Gutsmann,etal.StructuralprerequisitesforendotoxicactivityintheLimulustestascomparedtocytokineproductioninmononuclearcells,InnateImmunity,2010,16(1),39-47
- BeomSeokPark1etal.,ThestructuralbasisoflipopolysacchariderecognitionbytheTLR4–MD-2complex,Nature458,1191-1195(30April2009)
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ClearColiLicensingInformation:
ClearColiCompetentcellsaresubjecttoUSPatent8,303,964andotherUSandforeignpendingpatents.
LucigenCorporation("Lucigen")hasalicensefromResearchCorporationTechnologiestosellClearColicompetentcellstothird-partiesfornon-commercialresearchpurposesonly.Aseparatelicenseisrequiredforanycommercialuse.Formoreinformationabouttheuseofthisproductbycommercialentities,pleasereviewour fulllicensingpage.
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ORDERINFORMATION
EachClearColi®K-12ElectocompetentCellKitcontains:ClearColiK-12ElectrocompetentCellsinDUOpackaging(2transformationspertube),RecoveryMedium,andpUC19PositiveControlPlasmid. Completeprotocolsareavailableonlineatwww.lucigen.com/manuals.
RecoveryMediumisalsoavailableseparately,catalog#80026-1.
Forresearchuseonly. Notforhumanordiagnosticuse.
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红细胞压积,是指红细胞占血液体积的比例,您仅仅是比参考范围略低,同时红细胞数量,和血红蛋白并没有下降,这可能是血液有所稀释所致。
白细胞计数3.9,正常的话 4-10之间,你仅仅是比参考范围略下降一丁点,本身并无意义,参考范围是大致的。而且血液还可能存在稀释可能性
中性粒细胞绝对值和百分比略低一点,同时淋巴细胞百分比略有上升,那这本身就只是略高一点点,而一般比如感冒以后,也往往可以升高,其他的红细胞分布宽度等是派生指标,没大意义的。
总之单单看这一个血常规检验,本身没有什么大的异常发现,当然也可以稍后复查,比如过2周以后复查
我是厉清,更多医疗知识,请看 厉清就是我 的新浪博客
G418浓度之前师兄已经摸索出来,这次筛选直接用师兄浓度。
1、6孔板转染后多长时间开始进行G418筛选?
2、G418筛选是在6孔板中继续筛选还是转到24/96孔?大皿?
3、G418浓度什么时候减量
4、?筛选过程中荧光观察一小部分克隆不错,如何挑选出来?
5、整个筛选过程大约需要多长时间?
lipo3000筛选
谢谢大家!
2:红细胞计数(RBC)(参考值:3.5~5.5),(单位:10^12/L)
3:血红蛋白浓度(HB)(参考值:120~160),(单位:g/L)
4:红细胞压积(HCT)(参考值:40~48),(单位:%)
5:平均红细胞体积(MCV)(参考值:80~97),(单位:fL)
6:平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)(参考值:26.5~33.5),(单位:pg)
7:平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)(参考值:300~360),(单位:g/L)
8:血小板计数(PLT)(参考值:100~300),(单位:10^9/L)
9:淋巴细胞比值(LY%)(参考值:17~48),(单位:%)
10:单核细胞比例(MONO%)(参考值:4-10),(单位:%)
11:中性粒细胞比例(NEUT%)(参考值:43~76),(单位:%)
12:淋巴细胞计数(LY)(参考值:0.8~4.0),(单位: 10^9/L)
13:单核细胞计数(MONO)(参考值:0.3~0.8),(单位:10^9/L)
14:中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)(参考值:1.2~6.8),(单位:10^9/L)
15:红细胞分布宽度(参考值:11~14.5),(单位:%)
16:血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)(参考值:9~18),(单位:%)
17:平均血小板体积(MPV)(参考值:7.4~12.5),(单位:fL)
18:大血小板比例(P-LCR)(参考值:10~50),(单位:%)
看到之前的一个朋友也发了IBC会议的PPT内容,不过好像没有这个PPT(不确定,要是重复了请见谅)。
因为会议上投影的问题,当时有些内容贾老师没介绍太多。不过内容相当不错,主要是国内比较缺乏这方面的信息和经验。可以算得上是干货吧,不过里面主要是一些规则性或方向性的内容,需要具体细节,只能花钱请她做顾问了。
AudreyJia是美籍华人,在FDA做CMCReviewer之前也一直是从事细胞开发及细胞培养的工作。她应该也是目前唯一一个生物大分子部门中,唯一从FDA离职出来从事顾问工作的。可能很多国内单抗药企大佬都认识她,可能很多园子里面的人也见过她了。
谁能赏几个积分啊?新人,没积分,一些东西想看或者下载都不行。
版主jackieustc留言:
感谢分享,鼓励新人,我给你打赏,多交流自然有收获!
Monoclonality_JIA1.pdf(952.57k)
各位,最近几个月一直在帮着公司进口细胞株,我是新手,从来没有接触过这样的业务,摸着石头过河,遇到了很多问题,也得到了很多教训和经验,不敢独享,觉得还是分享一下吧,给有需要的指指道,希望能少走弯路。
先不多说,正文如下:
大家看好了,我写的是企业进口细胞株,不是针对高校或者别的什么科研机构,因为到目前为止国家还没有一个正式的文件去指导企业进口细胞株,只有一个过渡性文件,因此各地操作时也有些不同,除了北京、上海、广东等一些发达的地方有操作程序,其他地方由于企业进口细胞株的案例很少,因此很麻烦的(比如黑龙江,我们最后都找到省卫生厅厅长了)。
首先,你们公司如果选择购买一个国外的细胞株,最先考虑的是付款问题,你得找一家进出口代理公司,帮你操作,这个都是比较常规的,另外你最好再找一家在北京或者上海的公司帮助清关。这里有涉及到“进口代理协议”和“供货合同,我们当时是签了一个三方合同”,这里一定要注意和国外沟通好,需要进口的细胞株的名称、数量、价值等等,后期发货的时候千万不要不一致。
因为细胞株是特殊物品,需要从省卫生厅那里拿到一个“医用特殊物品准出入境证明”,这个东西很难搞的(高校或科研机构容易一些,基本上都有程序),尤其是一些没有先例的省份(领导不敢批,怕担事),我们公司就是黑龙江的先例,这个东西不知道怎么办的到时候可以找我私聊。搞这个东西的正常周期是2-3周,请注意,一定要把准出入境的有效时间尽量写长一点,还有就是主送单位一定要你所清关的口岸的检疫局,例如北京口岸入境,就写北京出入境检验检疫局。当时没人提醒我,这两个我都搞错过,结果多跑了几次,我们的国家服务人员态度一次比一次差,快气死了,不过后来还是搞到了。
拿到“医用特殊物品准出入境证明”以后,预付款也打了,国外准备要发货了,这之前还要一个“特殊物品入境审批单”,这个需要到你所清关的口岸的检疫局搞,下面以北京出入境检验检疫局为例,这个东西要是你是外地的(非清关所在口岸)是搞不到的,你得先去北京出入境检验检疫局备案(就是公司证照原件,情况说明,单位说明等等,比较好办),然后在你细胞株进口之前2-3周申请(1周能批,有效期3个月)。我当时是委托北京一家公司办的,因为你自己办是不方便的,到时候审批单还要亲自去取,外地的很麻烦。
箱单、发票就不说了
接下来是运输,细胞株一般都用干冰运输,当然也可以选择液氮,不过价钱不一样,液氮要比干冰贵40%左右。要计算好运输过程中干冰损失量,量要足够,最好放一个温度记录仪,如果你没有把握,在货物到港清关之前,也可以加干冰的,就比较贵,单次1000元左右。发货之前一定和发货方、运输公司沟通好,标签和数量一定要准入证明和审批单一致,要不然清关很麻烦的,我再次犯了一个错误。
最后就是清关了,这里一定要注意,你找的清关公司的清关能力一定强,一定是做过冷链清关的。
总结一下:
程序是:签合同,找进口代理和清关公司,办理相关证明文件,选择冷了运输公司,运输,清关。
文件:合同、代理协议、医用特殊物品准出入境证明、特殊物品入境审批单、发票、箱单等。
另外,这里面还有不少细节,我就不一一说了,如果真有这方面运输的,可以找我。
版主horizon801留言:
谢谢分享
指导意见:
毕竟阴道上皮是鳞状上皮,而输尿管,膀胱,尿道的上皮是柱状上皮,形态上是不一样的.所以您要是对您的结果出怀疑态度,首先:重新留尿,做一个复检(留尿时注意防止阴道分泌物污染);或者让值班医生分析一下是那种类型的上皮(鳞状还是柱状).所以不要担心这个结果.一般情况下污染的比较多.






