
AZD5438 is an orally-bioavailable imidazole-pyrimidine inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 1, 2, and 9 at IC50s of 16, 6, and 20 nM, respectively. In vitro AZD5438 showed significant antiproliferative activity in human tumor cell lines with IC50s in the range of 0.2-1.7 uM, inhibiting phosphorylation of CDK substrates pRb, nucleolin, protein phosphatase 1a, and RNA polymerase II carboxylate-terminus. AZD5438 blocks cell cycling at the G2-M, S, and G1 phases and maintains suppression of biomarkers such as phospho-pRbSer249/Thr252 for up to 16h following a single oral dose in SW620 cells. [1]
Technical information:
Chemical Formula: | C18H21N5O2S | |
CAS #: | 602306-29-6 | |
Molecular Weight: | 371.46 | |
Purity: | >98% | |
Appearance: | Pale Orange | |
Chemical Name: | 4-(1-isopropyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-N-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine | |
Solubility: | Up to 100 mM in DMSO | |
Synonyms: | AZD-5438, AZD 5438, AZD5438 |
Shipping Condition: The product is shipped in a glass vial at ambient temperature.Storage condition: For longer shelf life, store solid powder at 4oC desiccated, or store DMSO solution at -20oC.
Reference:
1. | Byth et al., AZD5438, a potent oral inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 1, 2, and 9, leads to pharmacodynamic changes and potent antitumor effects in human tumor xenografts. Mol. Cancer. Ther. 2009, 8, 1856-1866. Pubmed ID:19509270 |
Other Information:
Product Specification (pdf) MSDS (pdf) Certificate of Analysis is available upon request.
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RMgX + RX = R-R + MgX2.
这个反应需要的能量比生成格氏试剂的高,
因此降低反应温度是第一个选择。
其次, 增加镁得摩尔比, 让 RX与镁有更多机会反应, 而不是与RMgX。
第三, 降低RX的浓度, 即用更多的溶剂, 因为溶剂和格氏试剂有很显著的溶剂络合。
第四, 缓慢滴加RX., 即降低RX.在反应体系的浓度。
第五, 增加搅拌速率, 即, 让RX.与镁有更好的接触。
认领翻译的战友请跟帖注明“认领本文翻译,48小时内未完成,请其他站友认领”
MaggotsFasterThanScalpelinWoundDebridement
December19,2011—Maggotdebridementtherapy(MDT)appearstobemoreeffectiveforwounddebridementcomparedwithconventionaltherapy,butonlyat1week;afterthattime,anothertypeofdressingshouldbeused,newresearchsuggests.
KristinaOpletalovà,MD,fromtheDepartmentofDermatology,UniversityofCaen,France,andcolleaguespublishedonlineDecember19intheArchivesofDermatology.
MedicalmaggotswereapprovedbytheUSFoodandDrugAdmiNISTrationasamedicaldeviceforwounddebridementin2004.Accordingtotheresearchers,useofmaggotsintreatingwoundsisassociatedwitheffectivewounddebridement,antibacterialeffects,andstimulationofwoundhealing.
However,theypointout,"[r]elativelyfewclinicalstudieshavebeenconductedandtheresultsarenotclear,partlyowingtomethodologicassessmentproblems."
InthecurrentProspective,randomizedcontrolled,phase3clinicaltrial,theresearcherssoughttodeterminetheefficacyofbaggedlarvaeonwounddebridementincomparisonwithconventionaltreatment.
TheprimaryobjectivewastocomparethemeanpercentageofsloughinwoundstreatedwithMDTwiththatofconventionaltreatmentatday15.Thestudyincluded119patientswithanonhealing,sloughywoundthatwas40cm2orsmallerandlessthan2cmdeep.Patientsalsohadananklebrachialindexof0.8orhigher.
Treatmentwasadministeredduringa2-weekhospitalstay.Conventionaltreatmentconsistedofsurgicaldebridement3timesaweekwithascalpel,withuseoftopicalanesthesia.TheMDTwasadministeredusinganencloseddressing(Vitapad,BioMondeLaboratories)containing80sterilemaggots.Atdischarge,aconventionaldressingwasapplied,andpatientswerefollowed-upatday30.
DebridementbyMDTwassignificantlyfasterthansurgicaldebridementduringthefirstweekoftreatment,reachingthesamelevelthecontrolgroupreachedatday15.NobenefitforMDTcomparedwithconventionaltreatmentinhealingrateswasobserved.Atday8,54.5%intheMDTgroupvs66.5%inthecontrolgroup(P=.04)hadevidenceofsloughandwoundhealing.However,byday15,themeanpercentageofsloughwas55.4%intheMDTgroupand53.8%inthecontrolgroup(P=.78).
"AthoughMDTshowsnosignificantbenefitatday15comparedwithconventionaltreatment,debridementbyMDTissignificantlyfasterandoccursduringthefirstweekoftreatment,"theresearchersconclude."Becausethereisnobenefitincontinuingthetreatmentafter1week,anothertypeofdressingshouldbeusedafter2or3applicationsofMDT."
Painscoresweresimilarandmildinbothgroups,althoughincontrasttoconventionaltreatment,MDTwasperformedwithouttopicalanesthesia.
Accordingtotheresearchers,noneofthepatientswerereticentaboutundergoingMDT."[A]crawlingsensationonthewoundwasrarelyandalmostequallynotedinbothgroups,revealingthatthesensationwassubjective,"Dr.Opletalovàandcolleaguespointout.
TwoquestionsregardingMDTremainunanswered,theauthorsnote."Candebridementbeimprovedusingmoremaggotsperdressing?Ifso,wouldthesedressingsbemorepainful?Furtherstudiesareneededtoanswerthesequestions."
ThestudywassupportedbygrantsfromtheClinicalResearchHospitalProgramandfromtheFrenchSocietyofDermatology.Theauthorshavedisclosednorelevantfinancialrelationships.
支原体培养则是取样后在培养基上培养,看有多少支原体菌落会长出,是比较直观和可信的结果。
总体来讲,这两种检查手段可信度都较高,结合一起,不仅可以可靠的知道有无解脲支原体感染,还能知道感染是否严重。

