- GDC-0152
- Embelin
- UC 112
- SM-164
| Birinapant (TL32711)Potent XIAP/cIAP1 antagonist |
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
- 1. De Vlaeminck Y, Lecocq Q, et al. "Single-domain antibody fusion proteins can target and shuttle functional proteins into macrophage mannose receptor expressing macrophages." J Control Release. 2019 Apr 10;299:107-120.PMID:30797866
- 2. Rosner A, Kravchenko O, et al. "IAP genes partake weighty roles in the astogeny and whole body regeneration in the colonial urochordate Botryllus schlosseri." Dev Biol. 2018 Oct 30. pii: S0012-1606(17)30904-1.PMID:30385275
- 3. Hao Q, Tang H. "Interferon-γ and Smac mimetics synergize to induce apoptosis of lung cancer cells in a TNFα-independent manner." Cancer Cell Int. 2018 Jun 14;18:84.PMID:29946223
- 4. Gradzka S, Thomas OS, et al. "Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins are required for effective fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes." Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 9;9(5):529.PMID:29743550
- 5. van Wijk SJL, Fricke F,et al. "Linear ubiquitination of cytosolic Salmonella Typhimurium activates NF-κB and restricts bacterial proliferation." Nat Microbiol. 2017 May 8;2:17066.PMID:28481361
- 6. Wiman KG, Zhivotovsky B. "Understanding cell cycle and cell death regulation provides novel weapons against human diseases." J Intern Med. 2017 May;281(5):483-495.PMID:28374555
- 7. Hyun Jae Chung. "A Non-Canonical Function for NLRP3 and AIM2 in Kidney Diseases." university of calgary.2017.
- 8. Shekhar TM, Miles MA, et al."IAP antagonists sensitize murine osteosarcoma cells to killing by TNFα."Oncotarget. 2016 Jun 7;7(23):33866-86.PMID:27129149
- 9. Chung H, Vilaysane A, et al. "NLRP3 regulates a non-canonical platform for caspase-8 activation during epithelial cell apoptosis." Cell Death Differ. 2016 Feb 19.PMID:26891693
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- Purity = 98.30%
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| Description | Birinapant is an antagonist of XIAP and cIAP1 with Kd value of 45 nM and <1 nm,=""> | |||||
| Targets | XIAP | cIAP1 | ||||
| IC50 | 45 nM (Kd) | <1 nm=""> | ||||
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | SUM149 and SUM190 inflammatory breast cancer cell |
Preparation method | Limited solubility. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
Reaction Conditions | 24 h-96 h |
Applications | Birinapant causes a significant degradation of cIAP1 and 2, which was not enhanced by the addition of TRAIL. Birinapant is also more effective in increasing TRAIL potency than GT13402 in SUM149. In addition, Birinapant markedly decreases the viability of SUM190 cells in a dose-dependent manner. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Melanoma tumor xenotransplantation mice |
Dosage form | Intra-peritoneal; 30mg/kg |
Preparation method | Dissolved in 12.5% Captisol in distilled water. |
Applications | Compared to vehicle control, cIAP1 protein is reduced to low levels at 3h post and this effect is sustained for 24 hours in the Birinapant treated mice. Staining for activated caspase-3 in biopsies of the same tumors shows a modest increase in apoptotic cells in the Birinapant treated mice compared to vehicle control, 24h post treatment. |
Other notes | Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
References: 1. Allensworth JL, Sauer SJ, Lyerly HK et al. Smac mimetic Birinapant induces apoptosis and enhances TRAIL potency in inflammatory breast cancer cells in an IAP-dependent and TNF-α-independent mechanism. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013 Jan;137(2):359-71. 2. Krepler C, Chunduru SK, Halloran MB et al. The novel SMAC mimetic birinapant exhibits potent activity against human melanoma cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 1;19(7):1784-94. | |
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| Cas No. | 1260251-31-7 | SDF | Download SDF |
| Synonyms | N/A | ||
| Chemical Name | (2S,2"S)-N,N"-((2S,2"S)-((3S,3"S,5R,5"R)-5,5"-((6,6"-difluoro-1H,1"H-[2,2"-biindole]-3,3"-diyl)bis(methylene))bis(3-hydroxypyrrolidine-5,1-diyl))bis(1-oxobutane-2,1-diyl))bis(2-(methylamino)propanamide) | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CCC(C(=O)N1CC(CC1CC2=C(NC3=C2C=CC(=C3)F)C4=C(C5=C(N4)C=C(C=C5)F)CC6CC(CN6C(=O)C(CC)NC(=O)C(C)NC)O)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC | ||
| Formula | C42H56F2N8O6 | M.Wt | 806.94 |
| Solubility | ≥40.35 mg/mL in DMSO, ≥46.9 mg/mL in EtOH, <2.34 mg/ml="" in="" h2o=""> | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Physical Appearance | A solid | Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice.All other available size:ship with RT , or blue ice upon request |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. | ||
Birinapant, also called TL32711, is a potent antagonist for XIAP with Kd value of 45 nM and cIAP1 with Kd value <1 nM [1].Birinapant not only binds to the isolated BIR3 domains of cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP but the single BIR domain of ML-IAP with high affinity and degrades TRAF2-bound cIAP1 and cIAP2 rapidly accordingly inhibiting the activation of TNF-mediated NF- kB. Additionally, birinapantcan promote the formation of caspase-8: RIPK1 complex in response to TNF stimulation, which result in downstream caspasesactivation [4].In the inorganic SUM149- and SUM190-derived cells, which with differential XIAP expression (SUM149 wtXIAP, SUM190 shXIAP) and other high cIAP1/2 but low XIAP binding affinity bivalent Smac mimetic GT13402, XIAP inhibition are needed for increasing TRAIL potency. Opposite, single agent efficacy of Birinapant is owing to pan-IAP antagonism. Rapid cIAP1 degradation was caused by birinapant, as well as NF-κB activation, PARP cleavage andcaspase activation. While combined withTNF-α, showing strong combination activity, the combination was more effective than individual. The response in spheroid models was conserved, whereas in vivo birinapant inhibited tumor growth without adding TNF-α in vitro to resistant cell lines. In a parental cell line, TNF-αcombined withbirinapantinhibited the growth of a melanoma cell line with acquired resistance to the same extent of BRAF inhibition [1, 2].Drug treatment increased the mean [18F]ICMT-11 tumor uptake with a peak at 24 hours for CPA (40 mg/kg; AUC40-60: 8.04 ± 1.33 and 16.05 ± 3.35 %ID/mL × min at baseline and 24 hours, respectively) and 6 hours for birinapant (15 mg/kg; AUC40-60: 20.29 ± 0.82 and 31.07 ± 5.66 %ID/mL × min, at baseline and 6 hours, respectively). Voxel-based spatiotemporal analysis of tumor-intrinsic heterogeneity showed that [18F] ICMT-11 could detect the discrete pockets of caspase-3 activation. Caspase-3 activation that measured ex vivo associated with the increased tumor [18F] ICMT-11, and early radiotracer uptake predicted apoptosis, distinct from the glucose metabolism with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, which depicted the continuous loss of cell viability [3].References: 1.Allensworth JL, Sauer S, Lyerly HK, et al. Smac mimetic Birinapant induces apoptosis and enhances TRAIL potency in inflammatory breast cancer cells in an IAP-dependent and TNF-a-independent mechanism. Breast Cancer Research, 2013, 137:359-371.2.Krepler C, Chunduru SK, Halloran MB, et al. The novel SMAC mimetic birinapant exhibits potent activity against human melanoma cells. Clinical Cancer Research, 2013, 19 (7): 1784-1794.3.Nguyen QD, Lavdas I, Gubbins J, et al. Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Therapy-Induced Tumor Apoptosis Detected by Caspase-3–Selective Molecular Imaging. Clinical Cancer Research, 2013, 19 (14): 3914-3924.4.Benetatos CA, Mitsuuchi Y, Burns JM, et al. Birinapant (TL32711), a Bivalent SMAC Mimetic, Targets TRAF2-Associated cIAPs, Abrogates TNF-Induced NF-kB Activation, and Is Active in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. 2014, 13(4):867-879.
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非整倍体无限细胞系和癌细胞株中，仍然存在不同细胞亚群，它们的功能和生长特点有些差异，其中有些亚群细胞对培养环境有较大的适应性和具有较强的独立生存能力，细胞集落率高。纯化细胞群来自一个共同的祖细胞，细胞遗传性状、生物学特性相似，利于实验研究。原代培养细胞和二倍体有限细胞系，细胞集落率很低。细胞集落化培养之前，应先测定细胞集落形成率，以了解细胞在极低密度条件下的生长能力。
目前认为仅有肿瘤干细胞具有形成集落的能力，集落抑制率常用于抗癌药物敏感试验、肿瘤放射生物学试验。
集落抑制率=（1-（实验组集落形成率/对照组集落形成率））×100%
（一）原理
细胞集落形成率 单个细胞在体外增殖6代以上，其后代所组成的细胞群体，称为集落或克隆。每个克隆含有50个以上的细胞，大小在0.3-1.0mm 之间。集落形成率表示细胞独立生存能力。常用方法有平板集落形成试验、软琼脂集落形成试验。
（二）实验用品
1.材料：Hela细胞。
2.器材：（直径 60mm ）培养皿、细胞记数板、烧杯、吸管、离心机、离心管、废液瓶、倒置显微镜、二氧化碳培养箱、超净工作台、水浴锅。
3.试剂：Giemsa染液、0.25%胰蛋白酶消化液、血清细胞培养液、安尔碘、琼脂。
（三）方法
1.平板克隆形成试验
本法适用于贴壁生长的细胞，包括培养的正常细胞和肿瘤细胞。
(1)对指数生长期细胞，采用常规消化传代方法，制成细胞悬液。
(2)细胞悬液反复吹打，使细胞充分分散，单个细胞百分率应在95%以上。细胞记数，并用培养基调节细胞浓度，待用。
(3)根据细胞增殖能力，将细胞悬液倍比稀释。一般按照每皿含50、100、200个细胞的浓度分别接种5ml细胞悬液到培养皿（直径 60mm ）中，以十字方向轻轻晃动培养皿，使细胞分散均匀。
(4)培养皿置 37℃ 、5%CO2中培养2~3周，中间根据培养液pH变化适时更换新鲜培养液。
(5)当培养皿中出现肉眼可见克隆时，终止培养，弃去培养液，PBS液小心浸洗2次，空气干燥。甲醇固定15分钟，弃甲醇后空气干燥。用Giemsa染液染色10分钟，流水缓慢洗去染液，空气干燥。
2.软琼脂集落形成试验
本法适用于非锚着依赖性生长的细胞，如骨髓造血干细胞、肿瘤细胞株、转化细胞系。利用琼脂液无粘着性又可凝固的特性，将肿瘤细胞混入琼脂液中，琼脂液凝固使肿瘤细胞置于一定位置，琼脂中肿瘤细胞可能向周围作全方位的移动，因此可以用来检测肿瘤细胞的主动移动能力。肿瘤细胞在适宜培养基中又可以增殖，从而可以测定肿瘤细胞克隆形成率。造血系统软琼脂集落形成试验方法相同，主要用于有关细胞分化的研究，但使用培养基不同。
（1）同上（1）~（3）步骤。
（2）调整细胞悬液密度为1×103个/ml细胞。
（3）制备底层琼脂，完全溶化的5%琼脂和 37℃ 左右预温的新鲜完全培养液以1：9比例在 40℃ 均匀混合，加入培养皿（直径 60mm ）中，每皿含0.5%琼脂培养基2ml，室温下琼脂完全凝固。
（4）制备上层琼脂,取 37℃ 不同密度梯度(按照每皿含50、100、200个)的细胞悬液1.5ml移入小烧杯中，加入 40℃ 、5%琼脂等体积混匀，即成0.25%半固体琼脂培养基。配好的半固体琼脂培养基立即加入铺有底层琼脂的培养皿中，室温下琼脂凝固。 37℃ 、5%CO2静置培养2-3周。
（四）实验结果
1.定期观察细胞培养过程中集落的形成。
2.显微镜下计数大于50个细胞克隆数，然后按下式计算集落形成率：
集落形成率（%）=（集落数/接种细胞数）×100
（五）注意事项
1.琼脂对热和酸不稳定，如果反复加热，容易降解，产生毒性，同时琼脂硬度下降。故琼脂高压灭菌( 10磅 15分钟)后按一次用量进行分装。
2.细胞悬液中，细胞分散度>95%。
3.软琼脂培养时，注意琼脂与细胞混合时温度不要超过 40℃ ，以免烫伤细胞。
4.接种细胞密度不宜过高。
5.细胞在低密度条件下培养，生存率明显下降，无限细胞系和肿瘤细胞株克隆形成率一般在10%以上。但初代培养细胞和有限细胞系仅为0.5~5%,甚至为零。为提高集落形成率，必要时在培养基中添加胰岛素、地塞米松等促细胞克隆形成物质。
Ki67，在很多肿瘤病理中做，它是判断肿瘤细胞增殖情况的一个指标，越高表示正在肿瘤细胞增殖多，恶性程度越高。P16，是一个抑癌基因，直接作用于细胞周期、抑制细胞分裂的基因，细胞内P16蛋白减少，会引起细胞周期调节紊乱，使细胞无限制增生，甚至癌变。
ki67是什么 Ki67是一种增殖细胞相关的核抗原,其功能与有丝分裂密切相关,在细胞增殖中是不可缺少 ,但其确切机制尚不清楚. Ki67标记的是处于增殖周期中的细胞。该标记阳性率越高，肿瘤生长越快，组织分化越差，对化疗也越敏感。一般来说，预后较差。
细胞分化，产生的是不同的细胞，例如造血干细胞可以分化出红细胞。
原核生物比如大肠杆菌促进增殖药物还不如提供更好的营养条件、足够的环境；抑制类药物如上。
根据细胞种类不同，可能需要不同成分的培养液，来达到促进/抑制的作用
非整倍体无限细胞系和癌细胞株中，仍然存在不同细胞亚群，它们的功能和生长特点有些差异，其中有些亚群细胞对培养环境有较大的适应性和具有较强的独立生存能力，细胞集落率高。纯化细胞群来自一个共同的祖细胞，细胞遗传性状、生物学特性相似，利于实验研究。原代培养细胞和二倍体有限细胞系，细胞集落率很低。细胞集落化培养之前，应先测定细胞集落形成率，以了解细胞在极低密度条件下的生长能力。
目前认为仅有肿瘤干细胞具有形成集落的能力，集落抑制率常用于抗癌药物敏感试验、肿瘤放射生物学试验。
集落抑制率=（1-（实验组集落形成率/对照组集落形成率））×100%
（一）原理
细胞集落形成率 单个细胞在体外增殖6代以上，其后代所组成的细胞群体，称为集落或克隆。每个克隆含有50个以上的细胞，大小在0.3-1.0mm 之间。集落形成率表示细胞独立生存能力。常用方法有平板集落形成试验、软琼脂集落形成试验。
（二）实验用品
1.材料：Hela细胞。
2.器材：（直径 60mm ）培养皿、细胞记数板、烧杯、吸管、离心机、离心管、废液瓶、倒置显微镜、二氧化碳培养箱、超净工作台、水浴锅。
3.试剂：Giemsa染液、0.25%胰蛋白酶消化液、血清细胞培养液、安尔碘、琼脂。
（三）方法
1.平板克隆形成试验
本法适用于贴壁生长的细胞，包括培养的正常细胞和肿瘤细胞。
(1)对指数生长期细胞，采用常规消化传代方法，制成细胞悬液。
(2)细胞悬液反复吹打，使细胞充分分散，单个细胞百分率应在95%以上。细胞记数，并用培养基调节细胞浓度，待用。
(3)根据细胞增殖能力，将细胞悬液倍比稀释。一般按照每皿含50、100、200个细胞的浓度分别接种5ml细胞悬液到培养皿（直径 60mm ）中，以十字方向轻轻晃动培养皿，使细胞分散均匀。
(4)培养皿置 37℃ 、5%CO2中培养2~3周，中间根据培养液pH变化适时更换新鲜培养液。
(5)当培养皿中出现肉眼可见克隆时，终止培养，弃去培养液，PBS液小心浸洗2次，空气干燥。甲醇固定15分钟，弃甲醇后空气干燥。用Giemsa染液染色10分钟，流水缓慢洗去染液，空气干燥。
2.软琼脂集落形成试验
本法适用于非锚着依赖性生长的细胞，如骨髓造血干细胞、肿瘤细胞株、转化细胞系。利用琼脂液无粘着性又可凝固的特性，将肿瘤细胞混入琼脂液中，琼脂液凝固使肿瘤细胞置于一定位置，琼脂中肿瘤细胞可能向周围作全方位的移动，因此可以用来检测肿瘤细胞的主动移动能力。肿瘤细胞在适宜培养基中又可以增殖，从而可以测定肿瘤细胞克隆形成率。造血系统软琼脂集落形成试验方法相同，主要用于有关细胞分化的研究，但使用培养基不同。
郎格罕斯细胞组织细胞增生症(Langerhanscellhistiocytosis)或郎格罕斯细胞病(Langerhans#39;celldisease)又称组织细胞增生症X(HistiocytosisX),为一组少见的,以郎格罕斯细胞增生为主的疾病.本病的病因和发病机制尚不清楚,有人认为是反应性疾病,而非真性肿瘤.也有人认为本病是免疫系统异常所致,但通过PCNA免疫组化可见较多的阳性细胞,且病变中常见核分裂象故认为是增生性疾病,可能为肿瘤性增生。这种病要看医生。
