- SynonymGM-CSF,CSF2,MGC131935
- SourceActiveMax® Human GM-CSF, Tag Free (GMF-H4214) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Ala 18 - Glu 144 (Accession # NP_000749.2).Predicted N-terminus: Ala 18Request for sequence
- Molecular Characterization
This protein carries no "tag".
The protein has a calculated MW of 14.5 kDa. The protein migrates as 18-26 kDa under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE) due to glycosylation.
- EndotoxinLess than 0.1 EU per μg by the LAL method.
- Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
- Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4. Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.
Contact us for customized product form or formulation.
- Reconstitution
Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.
For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.
- Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
-20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
-70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
ActiveMax® Human GM-CSF, Tag Free on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) condition. The gel was stained overnight with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 95%.
Loaded Human GM-CSF R alpha, Fc Tag (Cat. No. GRA-H5255) on Protein A Biosensor, can bind ActiveMax® Human GM-CSF, Tag Free (Cat. No. GMF-H4214) with an affinity constant of 9.21 nM as determined in BLI assay (ForteBio Octet Red96e) (Routinely tested).
The bio-activity was determined by dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of TF-1 cells. The ED50 < 0.1 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity of > 1x107 Unit/mg.
- Citations
Linoleic acid inhibits in vitro function of human and murine dendritic cells, CD4+T cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Authors: Huang X, Yi S, Hu J, et al.
Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020
Application: Cell culture
Request for Full-text
Disabled-2 (DAB2) Overexpression Inhibits Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells' Function in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Authors: Yi, S., et al.
Journal: Immunology and Microbiology 43325
Application: Cell Culture
Request for Full-text
Decreased expression of A20 is associated with ocular Behcet's disease (BD) but not with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease
Authors: He Y, et al.
Journal: Br J Ophthalmol 2018
Application: Cell Culture
Request for Full-text
- BackgroundGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is also known as Colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage), is a cytokine initially characterized by its ability to induce colonies of granulocytes and macrophages from myeloid progenitor cells, and is secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. GM-CSF is a cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. Monocytes exitthe circulation and migrate into tissue, whereupon they mature into macrophages and dendritic cells. Thus, it is part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, by which activation of a small number of macrophages can rapidly lead to an increase in their numbers, a process crucial for fighting infection. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. Human GM-CSF glycosylated in its mature form. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has also recently been evaluated in clinical trials for its potential as a vaccine adjuvant in HIV-infected patients. The preliminary results have been promising. GM-CSF is also used as a medication to stimulate the production of white blood cells following chemotherapy.
- References
(1)Volmar, C.H. et al., 2008, Cytokine. 42(3): 336-344.
(2)Breitbach CJ, et al., 2010, Nature 477 (7362): 99–102.
(3)Korzenik J, et al., 2005, N Engl J Med 352 (21): 2193–201.
Please contact us via TechSupport@acrobiosystems.com if you have any question on this product.
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(2)荧光标记法 : 使用二乙酸荧光素(FDP)、碘化丙啶(PI)或异硫氰酸荧光素钠标记的荧光染料与细胞共孵育,用流式细胞仪检测荧光染色阳性细胞的比率。此法其实是(1)法的“荧光”版,但其在灵敏性和准确性方面明显要优于后者。
(3)硝酸镧(La)示踪法: 在正常的生物组织中镧微粒可沉积于细胞间隙,但不能穿过具有1~ 2nm 微小间隙的细胞膜性结构(包括细胞膜和细胞器膜),也不能穿过细胞间的紧密连接。在膜性结构通透性增高时, 镧微粒则可进入细胞、细胞器和紧密连接内, 并在电镜下显示, 镧盐标记技术被认为是一种有效的监测细胞膜通透性变化的标记技术。
(4)LDH释放法: 在正常情况下,细胞内大分子物质LDH 是不能通过细胞膜的, 但在细胞膜受损伤而通透性增加时,可通过受损的细胞膜释放出来。LDH 能较好地反映细胞膜损伤程度。类似的还有检测细胞外K+的漏出率等。
有几个疑问
1:荧光标记到细胞是标记到细胞表面还是细胞质内?
2:荧光应该随着细胞的分化和增殖逐渐消失?是不是分化增殖越快,荧光消失速度越快?
3:有哪些容易操作,成本便宜的荧光物质?
谢谢各位战友
比如你用的CD1a-FITC(如果是鼠单抗IgG1,那对照抗体就要用相同物种的非特异性IgG1-FITC)。注意浓度要相同。一般提供抗体的公司BD,santa cruz等有提供的。其他就按照说明书的推荐浓度和孵育时间。