Overview:
PFKFB2is involved in both the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a regulatory molecule that controls glycolysis in eukaryotes. PFKFB2 has a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and a fructose-2,6-biphosphatase activity that catalyzes the degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. PFKFB2 regulates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the heart, while a related enzyme encoded by a different gene regulates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the liver and muscle (1). PFKFB2 also functions as a homodimer. PFKFB2 play an important role in the regulation of muscle glycolysis during the first moments of exercise (2).
Gene Aliases:
PFK-2/FBPase-2
Genbank Number:
NM_006212
References:
1. Hilliker, C. E. et.al: Human and rat chromosomal localization of two genes for 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase by analysis of somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization. Genomics 10: 867-873, 1991.2. Rovira J. et.al: Upregulation of heart PFK-2/FBPase-2 isozyme in skeletal muscle after persistent contraction. Pflugers Arch. 2012 Apr;463(4):603-13. doi: 10.1007/s00424-011-1068-5
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所以一个细菌或病毒可以有很多的抗原。
若已进入细胞内。则先由巨噬细胞吞噬降解。并形成抗原-MHC复合体传送到表面。被辅助性T淋巴细胞识别和效应T淋巴细胞识别后。效应T淋巴细胞被激活。分解靶细胞。然后再由效应B细胞分泌的抗体进一步消灭病毒。
还有不清楚的么？
荚膜（capsule）是某些细菌在生长繁殖过程中分泌的一层黏液性物质，包围在细胞壁外，通常这种黏液层厚度小于0.2μm，成分是多糖或多肽，只有在营养丰富时或在动物体内，细菌才产生这种半抗原性质的黏液性物质。它具有保护菌体免受巨噬细胞等的捕捉和吞噬，因而具有抗吞噬抗消化、侵袭力强、与致病性关系密切等特点。像肺炎球菌、炭疽杆菌等都有这类荚膜。有些细菌的荚膜层较薄，小于0.2μm，称为微荚。
像链球菌的M蛋白、伤寒杆菌的Vi抗原、大肠杆菌的K抗原等都属于这类微荚膜。
请赐教！
