Overview:
c-Jun is a proto-oncogene that forms a complex with c-Fos which regulates transcription from promoters containing AP-1 activation elements (1). c-Jun has specific DNA binding activity and following in vitro translation, c-Jun binds as a homodimer to the AP-1 DNA site. The transactivating function of c-Jun is acutely regulated by a wide variety of cellular signals via modulation of phosphorylation of two serines (63 and 73). Jun N-terminal domain kinases (JNKs), are responsible for mediating S63/73 phosphorylation on c-Jun in response to a variety of cellular stimuli including TNF-a, heat stress and u.v. light (2).
Gene Aliases:
AP1
Genbank Number:
NM_002228
References:
1.Halazonetis, T D. et al: c-Jun dimerizes with itself and with c-Fos, forming complexes of different DNA binding affinitie. Cell. 1988 Dec 2;55(5):917-24. 2.Dai, T. et al: Stress-activated protein kinases bind directly to the delta domain of c-Jun in resting cells: implications for repression of c-Jun function. Oncogene. 1995 Mar 2;10(5):849-55.
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所以一个细菌或病毒可以有很多的抗原。
若已进入细胞内。则先由巨噬细胞吞噬降解。并形成抗原-MHC复合体传送到表面。被辅助性T淋巴细胞识别和效应T淋巴细胞识别后。效应T淋巴细胞被激活。分解靶细胞。然后再由效应B细胞分泌的抗体进一步消灭病毒。
还有不清楚的么?
荚膜(capsule)是某些细菌在生长繁殖过程中分泌的一层黏液性物质,包围在细胞壁外,通常这种黏液层厚度小于0.2μm,成分是多糖或多肽,只有在营养丰富时或在动物体内,细菌才产生这种半抗原性质的黏液性物质。它具有保护菌体免受巨噬细胞等的捕捉和吞噬,因而具有抗吞噬抗消化、侵袭力强、与致病性关系密切等特点。像肺炎球菌、炭疽杆菌等都有这类荚膜。有些细菌的荚膜层较薄,小于0.2μm,称为微荚。
像链球菌的M蛋白、伤寒杆菌的Vi抗原、大肠杆菌的K抗原等都属于这类微荚膜。
请赐教!

