Overview:
STAT4 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 4) is a member of the STAT family that is phosphorylated by receptor-associated protein kinases. STATs form homo- or heterodimers and translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. T helper (Th) cells differentiation is regulated by STAT4 (1). STAT4 controls T1/T2 balance during the response to live influenza virus and isolated viral proteins. The differentiation of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing Th1 and Tc1 cells after inoculation of live virus occurred independently of STAT4 expression. STAT4 has been shown to control pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2).
Genbank Number:
NM_003151
References:
1.Andrea L W. et al: The biology of Stat4 and Stat6. Oncogene, 2000,19: 21, 2577-2584.2.Cosio. G M.: Autoimmunity, T-cells and STAT-4 in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J, 2004; 24:3-5.
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所以一个细菌或病毒可以有很多的抗原。
若已进入细胞内。则先由巨噬细胞吞噬降解。并形成抗原-MHC复合体传送到表面。被辅助性T淋巴细胞识别和效应T淋巴细胞识别后。效应T淋巴细胞被激活。分解靶细胞。然后再由效应B细胞分泌的抗体进一步消灭病毒。
还有不清楚的么?
荚膜(capsule)是某些细菌在生长繁殖过程中分泌的一层黏液性物质,包围在细胞壁外,通常这种黏液层厚度小于0.2μm,成分是多糖或多肽,只有在营养丰富时或在动物体内,细菌才产生这种半抗原性质的黏液性物质。它具有保护菌体免受巨噬细胞等的捕捉和吞噬,因而具有抗吞噬抗消化、侵袭力强、与致病性关系密切等特点。像肺炎球菌、炭疽杆菌等都有这类荚膜。有些细菌的荚膜层较薄,小于0.2μm,称为微荚。
像链球菌的M蛋白、伤寒杆菌的Vi抗原、大肠杆菌的K抗原等都属于这类微荚膜。
请赐教!

