Overview:
14-3-3ε also known as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein is a member of the 14-3-3 family. 14-3-3ε has been reported to be involved in heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways (1). 14-3-3ε interaction with the deubiquitinating enzyme UBPY, also known as USP8, regulates cargo sorting and membrane traffic at early endosomes. Association of 14-3-3ε, HSF1 with ERK during heat shock may modulate the amplitude of the response and control the termination of HSP expression on resumption of growth conditions (2).
Gene Aliases:
14-3-3 epsilon, YWHAE, MDS, MDCR, KCIP-1, 14-3-3E, FLJ45465
Genbank Number:
NM_006761
References:
1.Wang, X. et al: Interactions between extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1, 14-3-3epsilon, and heat shock factor 1 during stress. J. Biol. Chem. 2004; 279(47):49460-9.2.Mizuno, E. et al: 14-3-3-dependent inhibition of the deubiquitinating activity of UBPY and its cancellation in the M phase. Exp Cell Res. 2007; 313(16):3624-34.
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所以一个细菌或病毒可以有很多的抗原。
若已进入细胞内。则先由巨噬细胞吞噬降解。并形成抗原-MHC复合体传送到表面。被辅助性T淋巴细胞识别和效应T淋巴细胞识别后。效应T淋巴细胞被激活。分解靶细胞。然后再由效应B细胞分泌的抗体进一步消灭病毒。
还有不清楚的么?
荚膜(capsule)是某些细菌在生长繁殖过程中分泌的一层黏液性物质,包围在细胞壁外,通常这种黏液层厚度小于0.2μm,成分是多糖或多肽,只有在营养丰富时或在动物体内,细菌才产生这种半抗原性质的黏液性物质。它具有保护菌体免受巨噬细胞等的捕捉和吞噬,因而具有抗吞噬抗消化、侵袭力强、与致病性关系密切等特点。像肺炎球菌、炭疽杆菌等都有这类荚膜。有些细菌的荚膜层较薄,小于0.2μm,称为微荚。
像链球菌的M蛋白、伤寒杆菌的Vi抗原、大肠杆菌的K抗原等都属于这类微荚膜。
请赐教!

