- SynonymIntegrin alpha V beta 8,ITGAV&ITGB8
- SourceMouse ITGAV&ITGB8 Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (IT8-M52W6) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Phe 31 - Val 988 (ITGAV) & Gly 22 - Leu 681 (ITGB8) (Accession # P43406-1 (ITGAV) & Q0VBD0-1 (ITGB8)).Predicted N-terminus: Phe 31 (ITGAV) & Gly 22 (ITGB8)Request for sequence
- Molecular Characterization
Mouse ITGAV&ITGB8 Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free, produced by co-expression of ITGAV and ITGB8, has a calculated MW of 112.5 kDa (ITGAV) and 77.5 kDa (ITGB8). Subunit ITGAV is fused with an acidic tail at the C-terminus and followed by a polyhistidine tag and subunit ITGB8 contains no tag but a basic tail at the C-terminus. The non-reducing (NR) protein migrates as 130-150 kDa (ITGAV) and 80-90 kDa (ITGB8) respectively due to glycosylation.
- EndotoxinLess than 1.0 EU per μg by the LAL method.
- Purity
>95% as determined by reduced SDS-PAGE.
- Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in 50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH7.5. Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.
Contact us for customized product form or formulation.
- Reconstitution
Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.
For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.
- Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
- -20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
- -70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Mouse ITGAV&ITGB8 Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free on SDS-PAGE under non-reducing (NR) condition. The gel was stained overnight with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 95%.
Immobilized Mouse ITGAV&ITGB8 Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (Cat. No. IT8-M52W6) at 5 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Biotinylated Human Latent TGF-Beta 1, His,Avitag (Cat. No. TG1-H82Qb) with a linear range of 1-10 ng/mL (QC tested).
Immobilized Human Fibronectin at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Mouse ITGAV&ITGB8 Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (Cat. No. IT8-M52W6) with a linear range of 0.156-5 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
Immobilized Human Vitronectin at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Mouse ITGAV&ITGB8 Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (Cat. No. IT8-M52W6) with a linear range of 0.156-5 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
- BackgroundIntegrin alpha V beta 8 (ITGAV & ITGB8 or ITGAVB8) is expressed in yolk sac, placenta, brain perivascular astrocytes, Schwann cells, renal glomerular mesangial cells and pulmonary epithelial cells. Unlike other alpha V integrins, ITGAVB8 does not appear to assume different activation states, and the cytoplasmic tail does not connect to the cytoskeleton. It binds ligands containing an RGD motif, including vitronectin, fibrin and the latency associated peptide (LAP) of the latent TGF-beta complex. High affinity binding of alpha V beta 8 to LAP allows proteolytic cleavage by MT1-MMP, which releases active TGF-beta. This mechanism differs from that of alpha V beta 6, the other alpha V integrin which can activate TGF-beta from latency through non-proteolytic mechanisms. Downstream effects of TGF-beta activation include control of cell growth and associated vascularization.
- References
- (1)Moyle, M. et al., 1991, J. Biol. Chem. 266:19650-8.
- (2)Nishimura SL., et al., 1994, J Biol Chem. 269(46):28708-15.
- (3)Araya, J. et al., 2006, Am. J. Pathol. 169:405-15.
- (4)Mu,D.et al.,2002, J. Cell Biol.157:493-507.
Please contact us via TechSupport@acrobiosystems.com if you have any question on this product.
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所以一个细菌或病毒可以有很多的抗原。
荚膜是某些细菌在细胞壁外包围的一层粘液性物质，一般由糖和多肽组成，是细菌的一种特殊结构。
作用：
①抗吞噬作用：荚膜因其亲水性及其空间占位、屏障作用，可有效抵抗寄主吞噬细胞的吞噬作用。
②黏附作用：荚膜多糖可使细菌彼此间粘连，也可黏附于组织细胞或无生命物体表面，是引起感染的重要因素，具有荚膜的S-型肺炎链球菌毒力强，有助于肺炎链球菌侵染人体；废水生物处理中的细菌荚膜有生物吸附作用，将废水中的有机物、无机物及胶体吸附在细菌体表面上。
③抗有害物质的损伤作用：处于细菌细胞最外层，荚膜犹如盔甲可有效保护菌体免受或少受多种杀菌、抑菌物质的损伤，如溶菌酶、补体等。
④抗干燥作用：荚膜多糖为高度水合分子，含水量在95%以上，可帮助细菌抵抗干燥对生存的威胁。
⑤当缺乏营养时，荚膜可被利用作碳源和能源，有的荚膜还可作氮源。
颗粒型抗原,除了有细菌、红细胞、螺旋体等天然颗粒型抗原,还有吸附有可溶性抗原的非免疫相关颗粒.
颗粒性抗原光镜下可见，比如细菌性抗原、红细胞抗原等；而可溶性抗原在光镜下不可见，如组织浸出液、细菌毒素、蛋白质分子等。
它们不等同于完全抗原和不完全抗原。完全抗原具有免疫原性和抗原性，而不完全抗原只具有抗原性。完全抗原可以是颗粒性抗原，亦可是可溶性抗原，而不完全抗原一般只能是可溶性抗原，不会是颗粒性抗原。
若已进入细胞内。则先由巨噬细胞吞噬降解。并形成抗原-MHC复合体传送到表面。被辅助性T淋巴细胞识别和效应T淋巴细胞识别后。效应T淋巴细胞被激活。分解靶细胞。然后再由效应B细胞分泌的抗体进一步消灭病毒。
还有不清楚的么？
