- SynonymPD-L1,CD274,B7-H1,PDCD1L1,PDCD1LG1
- SourceBiotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag (PD1-H82F3) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Phe 19 - Arg 238 (Accession # NP_054862.1).Predicted N-terminus: Phe 19Request for sequence
- Molecular Characterization
This protein carries a human IgG1 Fc fragment at the C-terminus, followed by a polyhistidine tag. The Avi tag (Avitag™) is inserted in-between the Fc and his tags. The protein has a calculated MW of 54.0 kDa. The protein migrates as 66-75 kDa on a SDS-PAGE gel under reducing (R) condition due to glycosylation.
- BiotinylationBiotinylation of this product is performed using Avitag™ technology. Briefly, the single lysine residue in the Avitag is enzymatically labeled with biotin.
- Biotin:Protein RatioThe biotin to protein ratio is 0.5-1 as determined by the HABA assay.
- EndotoxinLess than 1.0 EU per μg by the LAL method.
- Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
>90% as determined by SEC-MALS.
- Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in Tris with Glycine, Arginine and NaCl, pH7.5. Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.
Contact us for customized product form or formulation.
- Reconstitution
Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.
For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.
- Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
- -20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
- -70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) condition. The gel was stained overnight with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 95%.
The purity of Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H82F3) was more than 90% and the molecular weight of this protein is around 120-135 kDa verified by SEC-MALS.
Immobilized Human PD-1, Fc Tag, low endotoxin (HPLC-verified) (Cat. No. PD1-H5257) at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H82F3) with a linear range of 2-39 ng/mL (QC tested).
Immobilized Human B7-1, mouse IgG2a Fc Tag, low endotoxin (Cat. No. B71-H52A4) at 5 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H82F3) with a linear range of 0.02-0.625 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
Serial dilutions of nivolumab were added into Human PD-1, Fc Tag, low endotoxin (HPLC-verified) (Cat. No. PD1-H5257): Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H82F3) binding reactions. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is 0.5381 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
Flow Cytometry assay shows that Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag (Cat.No. PD1-H82F3) can bind to 293 cell overexpressing human PD-1. The concentration of PD-L1 used is 1 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
FACS analysis shows that the binding of Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H82F3) to 293 overexpressing PD-1 was inhibited byincreasing concentration of neutralizinganti-PD-1 antibody. The concentration of PD-L1 used is 2 μg/mL. The IC50 is 0.64 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
Immobilized cell surface PD-1 (5x104 of cells per well) can bind Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Fc,Avitag,His Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H82F3) with an EC50 of 0.082 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
- BackgroundProgrammed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is also known as cluster of differentiation (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), is a member of the growing B7 family of immune molecules and is involved in the regulation of cellular and humoral immune responses. B7-H1 is a cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily with two Ig-like domains within the extracellular region and a short cytoplasmic domain. PD-L1 is highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, placenta and lung and weakly expressed in the thymus, spleen, kidney and liver. PD-L1 is expressed on activated T-cells, B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes. PD-L1 is up-regulated on T- and B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes after LPS and IFNG activation and up-regulated in B-cells activated by surface Ig cross-linking. PD-L1 involve in the costimulatory signal, essential for T-cell proliferation and production of IL10 and IFNG, in an IL2-dependent and a PDCD1-independent manner.
- References
Please contact us via TechSupport@acrobiosystems.com if you have any question on this product.
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颗粒型抗原,除了有细菌、红细胞、螺旋体等天然颗粒型抗原,还有吸附有可溶性抗原的非免疫相关颗粒.
颗粒性抗原光镜下可见，比如细菌性抗原、红细胞抗原等；而可溶性抗原在光镜下不可见，如组织浸出液、细菌毒素、蛋白质分子等。
它们不等同于完全抗原和不完全抗原。完全抗原具有免疫原性和抗原性，而不完全抗原只具有抗原性。完全抗原可以是颗粒性抗原，亦可是可溶性抗原，而不完全抗原一般只能是可溶性抗原，不会是颗粒性抗原。
荚膜（capsule）是某些细菌在生长繁殖过程中分泌的一层黏液性物质，包围在细胞壁外，通常这种黏液层厚度小于0.2μm，成分是多糖或多肽，只有在营养丰富时或在动物体内，细菌才产生这种半抗原性质的黏液性物质。它具有保护菌体免受巨噬细胞等的捕捉和吞噬，因而具有抗吞噬抗消化、侵袭力强、与致病性关系密切等特点。像肺炎球菌、炭疽杆菌等都有这类荚膜。有些细菌的荚膜层较薄，小于0.2μm，称为微荚。
像链球菌的M蛋白、伤寒杆菌的Vi抗原、大肠杆菌的K抗原等都属于这类微荚膜。
请赐教！
荚膜是某些细菌在细胞壁外包围的一层粘液性物质，一般由糖和多肽组成，是细菌的一种特殊结构。
作用：
①抗吞噬作用：荚膜因其亲水性及其空间占位、屏障作用，可有效抵抗寄主吞噬细胞的吞噬作用。
②黏附作用：荚膜多糖可使细菌彼此间粘连，也可黏附于组织细胞或无生命物体表面，是引起感染的重要因素，具有荚膜的S-型肺炎链球菌毒力强，有助于肺炎链球菌侵染人体；废水生物处理中的细菌荚膜有生物吸附作用，将废水中的有机物、无机物及胶体吸附在细菌体表面上。
③抗有害物质的损伤作用：处于细菌细胞最外层，荚膜犹如盔甲可有效保护菌体免受或少受多种杀菌、抑菌物质的损伤，如溶菌酶、补体等。
④抗干燥作用：荚膜多糖为高度水合分子，含水量在95%以上，可帮助细菌抵抗干燥对生存的威胁。
⑤当缺乏营养时，荚膜可被利用作碳源和能源，有的荚膜还可作氮源。
