Reducing SDS-PAGE gel showing purified Norovirus VLPs, showing protein migrating as a band of approximately 60kDa.

- Images
- Description
- Technical documentation
NOROVIRUS GII.4 VP1 VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES
Norovirus VP1 protein is the capsid protein of Norovirus. It is a 59kD glycoprotein with three key domains. The shell domain (S domain) contains elements essential for the formation of the icosahedron. The Protruding domain (P domain) is divided into sub-domains P1 and P2. P domain interacts in dimeric contacts that increase the stability of the capsid and form the protrusions on the virion. An hypervariable region in P2 is thought to play an important role in receptor binding and immune reactivity.
The Norovirus VP1 protein self-assembles to form the Norovirus virion, containing 180 copies of the protein. The Native Antigen Company produce VP1 protein in a mammalian cell expression system, which produces intact virus-like particles (VLPs) of very high purity. These VLPs are suitable for studies of VP1 structure, and also as potential targets for serological assays.
PRODUCT DETAILS – NOROVIRUS GII.4 VP1 VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES
- Recombinant Norovirus GII.4 virus-like particles comprising VP1 protein expressed from HEK293 cells (NCBI Accession Code: ACT76142.1).
- Includes amino acids 1-539 and is buffered in 20mM Tris-HCl, 10mM NaCl, pH7.8.
- Greater than 95% purity by SDS-PAGE.
BACKGROUND
Norovirus (NoV) is a small non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the Caliciviridae family of viruses. Six norovirus genogroups have been identified to date, which are further subdivided into genotypes. NoVs have a high mutation rate and numerous genotypes have been identified. NoVs responsible for human disease are found within genogroups GII, GI and GIV. The variant GII.4 has been identified as the most common cause of Norovirus outbreaks since 2002. (Karst, S.M.).
Previously known as Norwalk virus, NoV is a major cause of non-bacterial outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Norovirus can infect individuals of all ages and can be a major cause of gastroenteritis in schools, care-homes, hospitals and cruise ships. Symptoms of NoV infection develop rapidly and include vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps and diarrhoea (Robilotti, E. et al). In most cases, Nov infection is a self-limiting disease that may last 1- 3 days but can cause complications in very young, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. In some severe cases, NoV infection can result in dehydration, hospitalisation and death. (CDC).
NoV is highly contagious. It can persistent in the environment and is resistant to most household disinfectants. Transmission of NoV primarily occurs through the faecal oral route and through contact with infected individuals, contaminated clothing, surfaces, food and water. In the USA, NoV is the major cause of food related illness. (CDC).
REFERENCES
- Karst SM. (2010). Pathogenesis of noroviruses, emerging RNA viruses. Viruses.Mar;2(3):748-81. PMID: 21994656
- Robilotti E, Deresinski S, Pinsky BA. (2015). Norovirus. Clin Microbiol Rev.Jan;28(1):134-64. PMID: 25567225
- Centers for disease control and prevention: Norovirus, Clinical overview
- Centers for disease control and prevention: Norovirus, Burden of norovirus illness and outbreaks
- Takeda press release: Takeda initiates world’s first norovirus vaccine field trial
Certificate of analysisSafety Datasheet
ebiomall.com






>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
颗粒型抗原,除了有细菌、红细胞、螺旋体等天然颗粒型抗原,还有吸附有可溶性抗原的非免疫相关颗粒.
颗粒性抗原光镜下可见,比如细菌性抗原、红细胞抗原等;而可溶性抗原在光镜下不可见,如组织浸出液、细菌毒素、蛋白质分子等。
它们不等同于完全抗原和不完全抗原。完全抗原具有免疫原性和抗原性,而不完全抗原只具有抗原性。完全抗原可以是颗粒性抗原,亦可是可溶性抗原,而不完全抗原一般只能是可溶性抗原,不会是颗粒性抗原。
荚膜是某些细菌在细胞壁外包围的一层粘液性物质,一般由糖和多肽组成,是细菌的一种特殊结构。
作用:
①抗吞噬作用:荚膜因其亲水性及其空间占位、屏障作用,可有效抵抗寄主吞噬细胞的吞噬作用。
②黏附作用:荚膜多糖可使细菌彼此间粘连,也可黏附于组织细胞或无生命物体表面,是引起感染的重要因素,具有荚膜的S-型肺炎链球菌毒力强,有助于肺炎链球菌侵染人体;废水生物处理中的细菌荚膜有生物吸附作用,将废水中的有机物、无机物及胶体吸附在细菌体表面上。
③抗有害物质的损伤作用:处于细菌细胞最外层,荚膜犹如盔甲可有效保护菌体免受或少受多种杀菌、抑菌物质的损伤,如溶菌酶、补体等。
④抗干燥作用:荚膜多糖为高度水合分子,含水量在95%以上,可帮助细菌抵抗干燥对生存的威胁。
⑤当缺乏营养时,荚膜可被利用作碳源和能源,有的荚膜还可作氮源。
所以一个细菌或病毒可以有很多的抗原。