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- Description
- Quality Assurance
- Information Sheet
Rubella causes a mild rash illness of children and adults known as German measles. There is often pharyngitis and enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes. Infection often occurs during childhood with many infections being asymptomatic and complications being rare. However, infection of women in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy can lead to congenital defects developing in the foetus such as cataracts, nerve deafness and cardiac abnormalities. Antibody in women of childbearing age protects the foetus from being infected and thereby prevents congenital abnormalities from developing. Rubella virus is classified as a toga virus. It is immunologically distinct from other known viruses. The virus particle is spherical with a diameter of 60 - 70 nm and contains a single strand of RNA in a nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid envelope. It has three structural proteins; E1 and E2, which are associated with the viral envelope and C which forms the nucleocapsid with RNA. E1 is reactive with IgM and IgG antibodies and is the antigen responsible for haemagglutination activity. E2 and C induce IgG antibodies but E1 is most important to antibody testing.
View the Sample Sample Product Information Sheet.
Inactivation & Safety — Each lot of Rubella antigen is inactivated using ultraviolet radtiation and this inactivation verified using a sensitive tissue culture based infectivity assay. Microbix’ proprietary inactivation strategy is the best in the industry, and provides the highest level of safety you will find.
Applications — Missing content.
Each antigen lot is tested for potency using ELISA, and compared to a reference antigen. This ensures the amount of viral protein in each batch is consistent. The total protein concentration reported includes both viral and non-viral proteins, with the ratio dependent on the purity of the antigen. View our Quality Policy and ISO Certification.
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颗粒型抗原,除了有细菌、红细胞、螺旋体等天然颗粒型抗原,还有吸附有可溶性抗原的非免疫相关颗粒.
颗粒性抗原光镜下可见,比如细菌性抗原、红细胞抗原等;而可溶性抗原在光镜下不可见,如组织浸出液、细菌毒素、蛋白质分子等。
它们不等同于完全抗原和不完全抗原。完全抗原具有免疫原性和抗原性,而不完全抗原只具有抗原性。完全抗原可以是颗粒性抗原,亦可是可溶性抗原,而不完全抗原一般只能是可溶性抗原,不会是颗粒性抗原。
荚膜是某些细菌在细胞壁外包围的一层粘液性物质,一般由糖和多肽组成,是细菌的一种特殊结构。
作用:
①抗吞噬作用:荚膜因其亲水性及其空间占位、屏障作用,可有效抵抗寄主吞噬细胞的吞噬作用。
②黏附作用:荚膜多糖可使细菌彼此间粘连,也可黏附于组织细胞或无生命物体表面,是引起感染的重要因素,具有荚膜的S-型肺炎链球菌毒力强,有助于肺炎链球菌侵染人体;废水生物处理中的细菌荚膜有生物吸附作用,将废水中的有机物、无机物及胶体吸附在细菌体表面上。
③抗有害物质的损伤作用:处于细菌细胞最外层,荚膜犹如盔甲可有效保护菌体免受或少受多种杀菌、抑菌物质的损伤,如溶菌酶、补体等。
④抗干燥作用:荚膜多糖为高度水合分子,含水量在95%以上,可帮助细菌抵抗干燥对生存的威胁。
⑤当缺乏营养时,荚膜可被利用作碳源和能源,有的荚膜还可作氮源。
所以一个细菌或病毒可以有很多的抗原。

