Reliable&accuratecharacterisationofphotovoltaicdevices.
Takefullcontrolofyoursolarcellmeasurementswith thesystem"seasy-to-usePCsoftware-noprogrammingknowledgenecessary!
PartoftheInstituteofPhysics award-winningossilaSolarCellPrototypingplatform,Ossila"sSolarCellI-VSystemisalow-costsolutionforreliablecharacterisationof photovoltaic devices.
ThePC software(includedwithallvariantsofthesystem)measuresthecurrent-voltagecurveofasolarcellandthenautomaticallycalculateskeydeviceproperties.FurThermore,I-VmeasurementscanbeperformedperiodicallyovertimetotrackthestABIlityoftheseproperties.
Thesystemisavailablewitheithermanualorautomaticpixelswitching(ifyouareusingoneofOssila"ssubstratesystems),orwithoutatestboardforusewithyourownsubstrateandtestingsystem(orifyoualreadyownoneofourtestboards).ThissystemiscoveredbyourFREE2-yearwarranty.
- Features
- PCSoftware
- SystemSelectionGuide
- Specifications
- SoftwareRequirements
- Theory
Features
CalculatesDeviceProperties-ThePCsoftware(includedwiththesystem)automaticallycalculateskeypropertiesofsolarcellsfromthemeasuredI-Vcurves.Thesepropertiesinclude:thepowerconversionefficiency(PCE),fillfactor(FF),short-circuitcurrentdensity(Jsc),open-circuitvoltage(Voc),shuntresistance(Rsh),andseriesresistance(Rs).
Easy-to-Use-Justpluginthesystem,installthePCsoftware,andyou"rereadytogo!TheintuitiveinterfaceandcleandesignmakestheSolarCellI-VSystemeasy-to-use,simplifyingthecharacterisationofsolarcells.
WideMeasurementRange-Thebuilt-insourcemeasureunitiscapableofdeliveringvoltagesbetween-10Vand+10V,withamaximumresolutionof333μV,andmeasuringcurrentsfromaslowas±10nAupto±150mA.
RapidCharacterisation-Ifyouareusingoneofoursubstratesystems,theSolarCellI-VSystemcanbepurchasedwithamultiplexingtestboard(justselectthe"automated"variantofyourchoiceinthedrop-downlist),whichenablesautomaticpixelswitching.Asanaddedbonus,thetemperatureandlightwillalsoberecordedduringthemeasurement!
MeasureDeviceStability-Byperformingrepeatedcurrent-voltagemeasurementsoveranextendedperiodoftime,thestabilityofkeydevicepropertiescanbetracked.
| SystemType | NoTestBoard | Manual | Multiplexer |
| ±10VSourceRange | |||
| ±333μVSourceResolution | |||
| ±150mAMeasurementRange | |||
| ±10nAMeasurementResolution | |||
| SoftwareIncluded | |||
| AutomaticSolarCellCharacterisation | |||
| SinglePixelSolarLifetimeMeasurement | |||
| ForUseWithS101,S211,orS171Substrates | |||
| AutomaticPixelSwitching | |||
| MultiplePixelsSolarLifetimeMeasurement |
PCSoftware
- Simple andintuitively-designedinterface
- Datasavedto.csvfile
- Calculatessolarcellproperties(PCE,FF,Jsc,Voc,Rsh,Rs)
- Trackpropertiesovertime
- Measurethestabilisedcurrentoutputofasolarcell
- Saveandloadpreviouslyusedsettings
Thecurrent-voltagemeasurementiscontrolledusingintuitiveanduser-friendlyPCsoftware.Allofthemeasurementscanbefullycustomised, allowingyoutotailorthesoftwaretoyourexperiment.
WiththePCsoftware,youcan:
- Performcurrent-voltagemeasurementsanywherebetween-10and10V.
- Takehighresolutionmeasurements,withvoltageincrementsaslowas333µV.
- Managetheexperimentmoredirectly,withcustomsettletimesbetweenapplyingvoltageandmeasuringcurrent.
- Measuredevicehysteresisbyperformconsecutivemeasurementsinforwardsandbackwarddirections.
Thesoftwarehas3measurementtabs:SolarCellCharacterisation,StabilisedCurrentOutput,andSolarLifetimeMeasurement.SolarCellCharacterisationperformsI-Vmeasurementsandcalculatestheimportantdeviceproperties.DeterminehowthecurrentoutputofyourdeviceevolvesovertimeusingtheStabilisedCurrentOutputtab.TheSolarLifetimeMeasurementtabenablesyoutotrackkeydeviceproperties(PCE,FF,Jsc,Voc)overanextendedtimebyperformingperiodicI-Vcharacterisation.Betweenmeasurementsthesolarcellcanbeheldatopen-circuit,short-circuit,ormaximumpower.
Dataissavedto.csv(comma-separatedvalues)files,whichareformattedtobeeasytoreadandanalyse.Settingsaresavedalongwiththedata,makingiteasiertokeeparecordoftheparametersusedforeachexperiment.Thesesettingsfilescanbeloadedbytheprogram,andsettingsprofilescanbesavedforeachdifferentmeasurementtype,allowingyoutoeasilyperformrepeatmeasurementsoruseparticularconfigurations.
SystemSelectionGuide
Thetablebelowwillhelpyoudeterminewhichsystemisrightforyou.Themanualversionofthesystemhasswitchesonthetestboarditself,whichtheuseroperatestomeasurethedifferentpixelsonasolarcelldevice.Theautomatedversionofthesystemusesamultiplexingtestboard,whichswitchesbetweenthesepixelsautomatically.Note,ifyouuseoneofoursubstrateslistedinthetableandanotherkindofsubstrateaswell,werecommendmanualpixelswitching,asthetestboardcanbedetachedandreplacedwithanotherone.
| Substrate | ||||
| PixelSwitching |  S211 |  S101 |  S171 |  OtherSubstrates |
 | Automated-S211(T2003B) | Automated-S101(T2003A) | Automated-S171(T2003C) | - |
 | Manual-S211(T2002B)* | Manual-S101(T2002A) | Manual-S171(T2002B)* | - |
 | - | - | - | SourceMeasureUnitOnly(T2002D) |
*BoththeManual-S211andManual-S171usethesametestboardandproductcode.
Specifications
| VoltageSource | ±333μVto±10V |
| CurrentMeasurement | 10nAto150mA |
| SubstrateSize | 20mmx15mm |
| SubstrateCompatibility-T2002A/T2003A | S101(OLEDsubstrates) |
| SubstrateCompatibility-T2002B/T2003B | S211(PVsubstrates) |
| SubstrateCompatibility-T2002B/T2003C | S171(Pixelatedcathodesubstrates) |
| OverallDimensions-Manual | SourceMeasureUnit:Width:125mmHeight:55mmDepth:185mmTestBoard:Width:105mmHeight:40mmDepth:125mm |
| OverallDimensions-Automated | Width:155mmHeight:73mmDepth:317mm |
SoftwareRequirements
| OperatingSystem | WindowsVista,7,8,or10(32-bitor64-bit) |
| CPU | DualCore2GHz |
| RAM | 2GB |
| AvailableHardDriveSpace | 178MB |
| MonitorResolution | 1680x1050 |
| Connectivity | USB2.0,orEthernet(requiresDHCP) |
Theory
Current-voltagemeasurements(I-Vcurves)aretheprimarymeasurementforcharactisingsolarcells.Here,thecurrentflowingthroughthedeviceismeasuredatdifferentvoltageswhilstitisunderIllumination.
ThereareseveralkeypropertiesthatcanbeextractedfromtheI-Vcurveofasolar,whichareshownonthediagramabove.
- Theshort-circuitcurrentdensity(Jsc)isthephotogeneratedcurrentdensityofthesolarcellwhenthereisnodrivingvoltage,andcanbeextractedfromtheinterceptwiththey-axis.
- Theopen-circuitvoltage(Voc)isthevoltageatwhichtheappliedvoltagecancelsoutthebuilt-inelectricfield,andcanbeextractedfromtheinterceptwiththex-axis.
- Thefillfactor(FF)istheratiooftheactualoutputpowerofthedevicetoitspoweriftherewerenoparasiticresistances.ThiscanbecalculatedbydividingthemaximumpoweroutputofthedevicebytheproductoftheJscandtheVoc(thepotentialmaximumpower).
- Finally,thepowerconversionefficiency(PCE),theratioofincidentlightpower(Pin)tooutputelectricalpower(Pout),iscalculatedusingthefollowingequation:
Foramorein-depthexplanationaboutthecharacterisationofsolarcells,checkoutourguideonsolarcelltheoryandmeasurement.
MoreTest Systems
Four-PointProbeSystem
OLEDLifetimeSystem
Tothebestofourknowledgethetechnicalinformationprovidedhereisaccurate.However,Ossilaassumenoliabilityfortheaccuracyofthisinformation.Thevaluesprovidedherearetypicalatthetimeofmanufactureandmayvaryovertimeandfrombatchtobatch.
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1、移液管是准确移取一定量溶液的量器（量出式量器，符号为Ex）. 它是一根细长而中间膨大的玻璃管在管的上端有一环形标线，膨大部分标有它的容积和标定时的温度.常用的移液管有10 mL、25 mL、50 mL、100mL等规格。
2、吸量管的全称是"分度吸量管",又称为刻度移液管. 它是带有分度线的量出式玻璃量器。用于移取非固定量的溶液。吸量管可分为以下四类：
（1） 规定等待时间15s的吸量管
这类吸量管零位在上,完全流出式,它的任意一分度线的容量定义为:在20℃时，从零线排放到该分度线所流出20℃水的体积(m1).当液面降到该分度线以上几毫米时,应按紧管口停止排液15s，再将液面调到该分度线。在量取吸量管的全容量溶液时,排放过程中水流不应受到限制，液面降至流液口处静止后，要等待15s，再移走吸量管。
（2） 不完全流出式吸量管。
不完全流出式吸量管均为零点在上形式，最低分度线为标称容量.这类吸量管的任一分度线相应的容量定义为：20℃时，从零线排放到该分度线所流出的20C水的体积(mL) 。
（3）完全流出式吸量管。
这类吸量管有零点在上和零点在下两种形式.其任一分度线相应的容量定义为:在20℃时,从分度线排放到流液口时所流出20℃水的体积(mL),液体自由流下,直到确定弯月面已降到流液口静止后,再脱离容器(指零点在下式);或者从零线排放到该分度线或流液口所流出20℃水的体积(指零点在上式)。
（4） 吹出式吸量管。
这类吸量管流速较快，且不规定等待时间。有零点在上和零点在下两种形式，均为完全流出式。吹出式吸量管的任意一分度线的容量定义为：在20℃时，从该分度线排放到流液口(指零点在下)所流出的或从零线排放到该分度线(指零点在上)所流出的20℃水的体积(m1)。使用过程中液面降至流液口并静止时，应随即将最后一滴残留的溶液一次吹出。
目前市场上还有一种标“快”字的吸量管，其容量精度与吹出式吸量管相近似。吹出式及快流速吸量管的精度低、流速快，适于在仪器分析实验中加试剂用，最好不用其移取标准溶液。
吸量管的其它操作方法同移液管。
四字原则：吸 擦 调 放
吸：用吸耳球吸取液体，四指拿移液管，食指扣于移液管上口。
擦：吸取后用滤纸擦干管壁。
调：放松食指使液体流出，调至刻度线，按紧。
放：沿器壁放入所需容器。
垂直是为了保证最后只剩下半滴时，移液管不计算在内的体积。如果移液管上没有写“吹”字，那么最后半滴可以不要。
移液管
用来准确移取一定体积的溶液的量器。移液管是一种量出式仪器，只用来测量它所放出溶液的体积。它是一根中间有一膨大部分的细长玻璃管。其下端为尖嘴状，上端管颈处刻有一条标线，是所移取的准确体积的标志。
将用待吸液润洗过的移液管插入待吸液面下1～2cm处用吸耳球按上述操作方法吸取溶液（注意移液管插入溶液不能太深，并要边吸边往下插入，始终保持此深度）。当管内液面上升至标线以上约1～2cm处时，迅速用右手食指堵住管口（此时若溶液下落至标准线以下，应重新吸取），将移液管提出待吸液面，并使管尖端接触待吸液容器内壁片刻后提起，用滤纸擦干移液管或吸量管下端粘附的少量溶液。（在移动移液管或吸量管时，应将移液管或吸量管保持垂直，不能倾斜） 洗净移液管，放置在移液管架上。向左转|向右转
对于我们生物/医学实验ers来说，每天必用移液器；它的准确与否直接关系到实验结果的准确性及可重复性。可能在大家看来，玩“枪”就像吃饭喝水一样soeasy！但扫地僧的故事告诉我们：愈是看似简单的事物，却往往蕴藏着大道理。你真的知道吸液时该浸入液面以下多深吗？你能尽可能准确地移取Tween、高浓度蛋白溶液等粘稠、发泡的液体吗？长期使用后，你的移液器还准吗？你会自检移液器吗？
答案是No的小伙伴们，你们有任何关于移液器的问题都可以来问我，大家一起讨论共同进步哈~同时感谢丁香园交流平台和版主的支持！谢谢！
本活动技术支持来自普兰德（上海）贸易有限公司。
版主科研无止尽留言:
好帖
移液管,即带很多小刻度移液管
