Highlights
- Simple 20 Second Transformation: No heat shock! Just add DNA and spread on plate.
- High Transformation Efficiencies: Achieve 108 - 109 per µg of plasmid DNA.
- Versatile: Excellent for general cloning and plasmid isolation.
Description
| Additional Info | Streptomycin Resistant (StrR) and can not be used for Blue-White Selection. |
|---|---|
| Genotype | F- Δ(gpt-proA)62 leuB6 glnV44 (supE44) ara-14 galK2 lacY1 Δ(mcrC-mrr) xyl-5 mtl-1 recA13 thi-1 rpsL20 (SmR) |
| Processing Time | 20 Seconds |
| Product Storage | -70°C to -80°C |
| Transformation Efficiency | 108 - 109 transformants per µg of plasmid DNA |
Q1: Are the competent cells GMOs?
All our competent cells are classified into Biosafety level 1 and are not genetic modified organisms. Only when transformed with a plasmid they become GMOs.
Q2: Are the Mix & Go! strains dam+ and dcm+?
Most cloning strains will be dam+/dcm+ unless specifically noted in the genotype.
Q3: Do the Mix & Go! strains methylate DNA?
Yes
Q4: Which strains are equivalent to the Zymo strains?
DH5α is equivalent to Zymo 5α. DH10B, Top10, and One Shot Top10 are equivalent to Zymo 10B.For XL-21 Blue, JM109 is the closest match and for Stbl3, HB101 is the closest match.
Q5: How to reduce satellite colonies on agar plates?
– Prepare fresh agar plates– Use more antibiotics in plates– Incubate plates for a shorter time after plating cells
Q6: Is it possible to dilute the competent cells?
We do not recommend diluting the competent cells. We recommend using less DNA to transform cells, or aliquot cells in smaller volumes before transformation. If absolutely necessary, cold 1X Competent Buffer (Mix & Go Transformation Kit, T3001 & T3002) should be used in the dilution.
Q7: Which antibiotics can be used with the Mix & Go! procedure?
No outgrowth is necessary when using Ampicillin or Carbenicillin for selection. However, an outgrowth step is required when using Chloramphenicol, Kanamycin, and Tetracycline because of the mode of action of the antibiotic itself. We recommend the following procedure for the outgrowth step:1. Incubate cells on ice for 5-10 min after addition of plasmid. 2. Add 4 volumes of SOC media.3. Incubate at 37°C for 60 min with gentle shaking at 200-300 rpm.4. Spread on a pre-warmed culture plate containing the appropriate antibiotic.
Q8: Which Plasmid Size can be used for transformation?
For Zymo 5α and Zymo 10B up to 20kb. However, transformation efficiency decreases proportionally from 10-20kb. Above 20kb, cells are difficult to transform. JM109, HB101, XJa, XJa (DE3), XJb, XJb (DE3) and TG1 can handle constructs up to 10kb.
Q9: Which is the recommended DNA concentration and volume for transformation?
There really is no maximum or minimum recommended DNA concentration, but we use 10 pg for quality control. However, the volume of DNA added should not exceed 5% of the cells total volume; the efficiency can decrease several fold as the volume of DNA used increases. If the DNA sample is too diluted, use our DNA Clean & Concentrator.
Q10: What are some tips to improve transformation efficiency?
1. Thaw cells on ice, not room temperature.2. Incubate cells and DNA mixture on ice, not at room temperature. However, do not incubate longer then 1 hour.3. Ensure cells are still frozen when received.4. Pre-warm the culture plates at 37°C for at least 30 minutes.5. Prepare fresh LB agar plates containing the appropriate antibiotic. 6. Prepare a new DNA sample.7. Store the cells at -80°C (not 4°C or -20°C). If the freezer breaks, the cells should be OK as long as the temp does not go higher than -50°C.8. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Q11: How will a heat-shock affect my Transformation Efficiency?
Heat shock is not necessary, however sometimes it can be beneficiary when preparing libraries or transforming XJb Autolysis E. coli strains.We recommend the following protocol for Heat Shock with Outgrowth: 1. Incubate cells on ice for 5-10 min after addition of plasmid. 2. Incubate cells at 42°C for 45 seconds.3. Add 450 ml of SOC to the cells. 4. Incubate at 37°C for 60 min with gentle shaking at 200-300 rpm.5. Spread on a pre-warmed culture plate containing the appropriate antibiotic.
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可分为以下几个类群:(1)依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶；(2)依赖RNA的DNA聚合酶；(3)依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶；(4)依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶。前两者是DNA聚合酶，它使DNA复制链按模板顺序延长。如在原核生物中仅就大肠杆菌中已被发现的就有三种(分别简称为PolⅠ，PolⅡ和PolⅢ等)；DNA聚合酶只能在有引物的基础上，即在DNA或RNA引物的3′-OH延伸，这DNA的合成方向记为5′→3′。换言之DNA聚合酶催化反应除底物(αNTP)外，还需要Mg2+ 、模板DNA和引物，迄今细胞内尚无发现可从单体起始DNA的合成。同样，上述(3)和(4)是催化RNA生物合成反应中最主要的RNA合成酶，它们以四种三磷酸核糖核苷(NTP)为底物，并需有DNA模板以及Mn2 及Mg2 的存在下，在前一个核苷酸3′-OH与下一个核苷酸的5′-P聚合形成3′，5′-磷酸二酯键，其新生链的方向也是5′→3′。RNA聚合酶也大量存在于原核和真核生物的细胞中。如大肠杆菌RNA聚合酶分子量4.8×105，由5条多肽链组成，分别命名为α，α，β，β′，和γ，全酶可用α2ββ′λ表示。真核生物RNA聚合酶分子大于5×105，由10～12个大小不等亚基组成。聚合酶除作为自然界生命活动中不可缺少的组分外，在实验室中大多用作生命科学研究的工具酶类之一。向左转|向右转
核酶（ribozyme）是指一类具有催化功能的RNA分子，通过催化靶位点RNA链中磷酸二酯键的断裂，特异性地剪切底物RNA分子，从而阻断基因的表达.
核酶的催化功能与其空间结构有密切关系，目前已知有多种特殊结构的核酶：
RNaseP的RNA碱基（M1 RNA）、锤头型、发夹型丁型肝炎病毒RNA、1类内含子和2类内含子，大多有hammerhead structure。
不同的核酶可分为两类：
1 剪切型核酶：只剪不接，如M1 RNA
2 剪接型核酶：该酶具有序列特异的内切核酸酶、RNA连接酶等多种酶活性，如1类和2类内含子向左转|向右转
下面是六种不同耐热聚合酶的比较：
Taq：扩增效率最高的耐热DNA聚合酶，能很好的扩增6kb以下的DNA片段。扩增碱基出错率为10-5左右。
Pfu：目前保真度最高的耐热DNA聚合酶，碱基出错率为10-6，但扩增效率低于Taq酶，一般能很好的扩增2kb以下的片段。
TaqPlus：集扩增效率高和保真度好于一身。扩增效率比Pfu高，保真度比Taq好。能有效的扩增10kb以下的片段。
HotstartTaq：经过化学修饰的耐热DNA聚合酶。此酶在常温下，活性被化学基团封闭，要在94℃-95℃加热数分钟才能回复正常活力开始反应，避免了起始循环较低温度下的非特异性扩增，提高了反应的灵敏度和特异性。
LongTaq：具有3’-5’外切酶活性的耐热DNA聚合酶，它不但扩增效率高而且错配率低，对于简单模板可扩增长达40kb的模板，对复杂模板也可扩增长达15kb的片段。
TaqPlatinum：热启动高保真耐热DNA聚合酶。如果对保真度要求很高，而用Pfu扩增有难度，可选用TaqPlatinum，一般扩增长度可达4kb。
根据不同的实验目的选择最合适的酶，
克隆普通长度的目的DNA片段：Taq、TaqPlus
保真度要求较高，片段比较短，如点突变、基因筛选等：Pfu、TaqPlatinum
高保真长片段扩增，如构建基因图谱及分子遗传学研究等：LongTaq、TaqPlus
扩增基因组模板，需要降低背景：HotstartTaq、TaqPlatinum
扩增GC含量较高或二级结构较复杂的模板：TaqPlus、LongTaq、TaqPlatinum
实时荧光定量PCR反应：Taq、HotstartTaq、TaqPlatinum
从菌株或质粒模板，筛选鉴定目的克隆，扩增6kb以下的片段：Taq、TaqPlus、2×TaqPCRMasterMix
模板比较复杂或目的片段丰度低，用普通Taq酶扩增不出条带：2×TaqPCRMasterMix、2×PfuPCRMasterMix
逆转录（reverse transcription）是以RNA为模板合成DNA的过程，即RNA指导下的DNA合成。是RNA病毒的复制形式，需逆转录酶的催化。艾滋病病毒(HIV)就是一种典型的逆转录病毒。
逆转录与反转录严格意义上来说没有什么区别，但是逆转录是RNA类病毒自主行为，在整合到宿主细胞内以RNA为模板形成DNA的过程；反转录是进行基因工程过程中，人为地提取出所需要的目的基因的信使RNA，并以之为模板人工合成DNA的过程。二者虽同为RNA→DNA的过程，但地点不同，相对性的来说，逆转录在体内，反转录在体外。
