Product Specifications:
Item#1009: Recombinant p31 HIV-1
Concentration: See vial
Mass/vial: 100ug
Volume/vial: See vial
Diluent: PBS, 0.05% Sarcosyl
Purity: >95%
Stabilizer: None
Preservative: None
Storage: -75°C
Physical State: Frozen Liquid
Stability: Minimum 12 months at -75°C
Application: ELISA, Western ELISA, Immunological Studies, Drug Screening.
Description: Full length HIV-1 endonuclese (p31) expressed in the the E.coli expression system.
Purification: This protein is purified by solvent extraction and preparative electrophoresis to >98% purity, as determined by SDS-PAGE, reduced.
Approx. Molecular Weight: 36kD.
Specificity: This protein binds to human anti-protease polyclonal antibodies and murine monoclonal antibodies as determined ELISA and Western ELISA
Biological Activity: Not determined.
Application and Instructions for use
Recommended concentrations for use are approximate values. A dose dependent response assay should be performed to determine the optimal concentration for use in specific applications. ELISA and Western ELISA require 10-100ng protein depending on the nature and affinity of the test antibody.
Glossary
Gene and Gene Products
Structural Proteins: Structural proteins – the products of gag, pol and env genes, which are essential components of the retroviral particle.
Regulatory Proteins: Regulatory proteins – tat and rev proteins of HIV/SIV and tax and rex proteins of HTLVs; essential for viral expression in infected cells.
Accessory Proteins: Accessory proteins – additional (non-regulatory) virion – and non virion-associated proteins produced by HIV/SIV retroviruses: vif, vpr, vpu, vpx, and nef. Although, the accessory proteins are not necessary for viral propagation in tissue culture, they have been conserved in the different isolates; this conservation and experimental observations suggest that their role in vivo is very important.
gag
gag – group-sepecifc antigens or capsid proteins; the precursor is the p55 myristoylated protein, which is processed to p17 (Matrix) p24 (Capsid) and p7 (NucleoCapsid) proteins by the viral protease. Other small proteins are generated from the gag polyprotein.
pol
pol – (p66) generates the viral enzymes protease (p11), reverse transcriptase (p51), endonuclease and integrase (p32) after the processing of a gag-pol precursor polyprotein by the viral protease; gag-pol precursor is produced by ribosome frameshifting.
env
env – viral glycoproteins produced as a precursor (gp160) and processed to the external glycoprotein (gp120) and the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41). The mature proteins are held together by noncovalent interactions; as a result substantial amount of gp120 is released extracellularly. The external glycoprotein (gp120) contains the binding site for the CD4 receptor.
tat
tat – transactivator of HIV gene expression; one of the two necessary viral regulatory factors (tat and rev) for HIV gene expression. Two forms are known, tat-1 exon (minor form) of 72 amino acids, and tat-2 exon (major form) of 86 amino acids. The electrophoretic mobility of these two forms in SDS gels is anomalous; they are approximately 16 kD and 14 kD in weight. Low levels of both proteins are found in persistently infected cells. tat is localized primarily in the nucleolus/nucleus; it acts by binding to the TAR RNA element and activating transcription from the LTR promoter. Post-transcriptional effects of tat have been postulated.
rev
rev – the second necessary regulatory factor for HIV expression. A 19 kD phosphoprotein localized primarily in the nucleolus/nucleus, rev acts by binding to RRE and promoting the nuclear export, stabilization and utilization of the viral mRNAs containing RRE.
vif
vif – viral infectivity factor, typically 23 kD; required for the efficient transmission of cell-free virus in tissue culture. In the absence of vif, the produced viral particles are defective, while the cell-to-cell transmission of virus is not affected significantly. It has been reported that the cellular localization is in the Golgi (vif is not found in the virion).
nef
nef – approximately 27 kD non-virion protein found in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Potentially myristoylated and associated with the inner plasma membrane. One of the first HIV proteins to be produced in the infected cells, it is the most immunogenic of the accessory proteins and may be used in the future for diagnosis and staging of the disease. NEF is dispensable and probably suffers counter-selection during ex vivo viral propagation in vivo. Recent evidence suggests that SIV nef is required for viral propagation in vivo.
vpr
vpr – virion-associated protein of unknown function found in HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVmac, and SIVmnd; typically 15 kD. May be homologous to vpx. Also called “rap” for rapid.
vpu
vpu – protein that promotes extracellular release of viral particles. Found only in HIV-1. Integral membrane phosphoprotein of 16kd; similar to M2 protein of influenza virus. It may be involved in env maturation. It is not found in the virion.
vpx
vpx – virion protein of 12 kD found only in HIV-2 infection. (vpx may have some homology with vpr).
Related research paper:
ebiomall.com
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谢谢各位！
不过制冰机里的冰不可以，那冰怎么得到呢？
protocol上面说在离心菌液的时候离心管里面要有1/2的冰啊，这个冰应该是碎冰而不是直接冻出来的整块的冰吧。
大家是怎么得到的呢？谢谢！！
制冰机原理：
制冰机是一种将水通过蒸发器由制冷系统制冷剂冷却后生成冰的制冷机械设备。根据蒸发器和生成过程方式原理不同，生成的冰的形状也不同，人们一般根据冰形状将制冰机分为颗粒冰机、片冰机、板冰机、管冰机、壳冰机等等。
制冰机的分类：
按冰的形状可分：鳞形片冰机，雪花制冰机，条冰机，板冰机，块冰机（可分食用小块冰机和工业用大块冰机），冰粒机，颗粒机，管冰机，子弹头制冰机。
实验室制冰机种类选择：
我们平时在外面就餐时，经常看到商家在饮料中加入冰块，有时候是方块的，有时候是中空的，还有在菜市场买海鲜的时候也会看到下面铺着一层冰，究竟有什么区别吗？我们在开展实验室工作的时候，应如何选择制冰机呢？
实验室制冰机主要是用于在开展生命科学相关实验时，给样品提供冰浴环境，防止样品（如核酸、蛋白）因为温度的变化导致降解或变质，从而保障实验结果的准确性和有效性。绝大部分的时候，我们的样品是放在EP管、离心管、pcr管等容器里面，然后把样品管插在冰浴中，靠接触来实现温度的保持。由于样品和冰无法直接接触，而是要通过管壁来传输，所以管壁和冰浴的接触面积是冰浴效果的保障，为了更好的保障样品，应尽量的扩大管壁和冰浴的接触面积。
针对以上考虑，实验室制冰机一般选择雪花制冰机，该种类型的制冰机生产出来的冰呈雪花状碎冰，由于颗粒很小，可以和管壁进行密切的接触，保障冰浴效果。
对于出冰的具体要求中，还有一点是非常重要的，出来的雪花冰要求有15-25%的含水量，这样可极大的提高冰浴和管壁的接触效果。
文章来源：厦门国仪科学仪器有限公司
