850356 | 4ME 16:0 PC
1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
4ME 16:0 PC
1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Lipids containing diphytanoyl fatty acid chains have been used to produce stable planar lipid membranes (see References). Diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine does not exhibit a detectable gel to liquid crystalline phase transition from -120°C to +120°C.
The list of Phosphatidylcholine products offered by Avanti is designed to provide compounds having a variety of physical properties. Products available include short chain (C3-C8 are water soluble and hygroscopic), saturated, multi-unsaturated and mixed acid PC"s. All of the products are purified by HPLC, and special precautions are taken to protect the products from oxidization and hydrolysis. Several of these products are manufactured under the current guidelines of Good Manufacturing Practice and are available for pharmaceutical use. If you have a requirement for a choline derivative not found on our list, please call us: custom synthesis is one of our specialties.
- ChemDraw File
- 3D Structure
- Structure
- Transition Temperature Of Diphytanoyl Pc
- Safety Data Sheet
- Safety Data Sheet
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PubMed ID: 31070654Puthumadathil N, Jayasree P, Santhosh Kumar K, Nampoothiri KM, Bajaj H, Mahendran KR. Detecting the structural assembly pathway of human antimicrobial peptide pores at single-channel level. Biomater Sci. 2019 Jun 5. doi: 10.1039/c9bm00181f. [Epub ahead of print]
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PubMed ID: 30820470Inada M, Kinoshita M, Sumino A, Oiki S, Matsumori N. A concise method for quantitative analysis of interactions between lipids and membrane proteins. Anal Chim Acta. 2019 Jun 20;1059:103-112. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.042. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
PubMed ID: 30876624Huang G, Voet A, Maglia G. FraC nanopores with adjustable diameter identify the mass of opposite-charge peptides with 44 dalton resolution. Nat Commun. 2019 Feb 19;10(1):835. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08761-6.
PubMed ID: 30783102Krishnan R S, Satheesan R, Puthumadathil N, Kumar KS, Jayasree P, Mahendran KR. Autonomously Assembled Synthetic Transmembrane Peptide Pore. J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Feb 20;141(7):2949-2959. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b09973. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
PubMed ID: 30702873Huang G, Voet A, Maglia G. FraC nanopores with adjustable diameter identify the mass of opposite-charge peptides with 44 dalton resolution. Nat Commun. 2019 Feb 19;10(1):835. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08761-6.
PubMed ID: 30783102Krishnan R S, Satheesan R, Puthumadathil N, Kumar KS, Jayasree P, Mahendran KR. Autonomously Assembled Synthetic Transmembrane Peptide Pore. J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Feb 20;141(7):2949-2959. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b09973. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
PubMed ID: 30702873Dugger ME, Baker CA. Automated formation of black lipid membranes within a microfluidic device via confocal fluorescence feedback-controlled hydrostatic pressure manipulations. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Jan 7. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1550-4. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed ID: 30617393Mohid SA, Ghorai A, Ilyas H, Mroue KH, Narayanan G, Sarkar A, Ray SK, Biswas K, Bera AK, Malmsten M, Midya A, Bhunia A. Application of tungsten disulfide quantum dot-conjugated antimicrobial peptides in bio-imaging and antimicrobial therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019 Jan 8;176:360-370. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.020. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed ID: 30658284Bhamidimarri SP, Zahn M, Prajapati JD, Schleberger C, Söderholm S, Hoover J, West J, Kleinekathöfer U, Bumann D, Winterhalter M, van den Berg B. A Multidisciplinary Approach toward Identification of Antibiotic Scaffolds for Acinetobacter baumannii. Structure. 2019 Feb 5;27(2):268-280.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2018.10.021. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
PubMed ID: 30554842Golla VK, Sans-Serramitjana E, Pothula KR, Benier L, Bafna JA, Winterhalter M, Kleinekathöfer U. Fosfomycin Permeation through the Outer Membrane Porin OmpF. Biophys J. 2019 Jan 22;116(2):258-269. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.12.002. Epub 2018 Dec 8.
PubMed ID: 30616836Yang J, Wang Y, Li M, Ying YL, Long YT. Direct Sensing of Single Native RNA with a Single-Biomolecule Interface of Aerolysin Nanopore. Langmuir. 2018 Nov 21. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03264. [Epub ahead of print].
PubMed ID: 30462509Chengxiang Zhang, Weiyu Zhao , Cong Bian, Xucheng Hou, Binbin Deng, David W. McComb, Xiaofang Chen, and Yizhou Dong. Antibiotic-Derived Lipid Nanoparticles to Treat Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Appl. Bio Mater., Article ASAP
Challita EJ, Freeman EC. Hydrogel Microelectrodes for the Rapid, Reliable, and Repeatable Characterization of Lipid Membranes. Langmuir. 2018 Nov 23. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02867. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed ID: 30468580Patrick Urban, Stefanie D. Pritzl, David B. Konrad, James A. Frank, Carla Pernpeintner, Christian R. Roeske, Dirk Trauner, and Theobald Lohmueller. Light-Controlled Lipid Interaction and Membrane Organization in Photolipid Bilayer Vesicles. Langmuir, Just Accepted Manuscript. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03241. Publication Date (Web): October 10, 2018
PubMed ID: 30346771Sacconi A, Tadini-Buoninsegni F, Tiribilli B, Margheri G. A Comparative Study of Phosphatidylcholine versus Phosphatidylserine-based Solid Supported Membranes for the Preparation of Liposome-Rich Interfaces. Langmuir. 2018 Sep 14. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02397. [Epub ahead of print]
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PubMed ID: 5579131Transition Temperature Of Diphytanoyl Pc
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AvantiPolarLipids公司是美国著名的磷脂类产品的生产商,该公司主要为各种制药厂和研究机构提供从毫克级到公斤级乃至吨级的磷脂类和甾体类中间体和试剂。为世界范围内的研究机构和制药公司提供1000种以上脂类产品,由于其产品的高纯度而享誉全球。40年来,AvantiPolarLipids公司为世界各地的研究人员和制药公司提供脂类产品。公司的产品不仅范围日益扩大,其纯度之高也是无人能及。 AvantiPolarLipids,Inc.,hasalonghistoryof50yearscreatingthehighestpuritylipidsavailable.Ourpassionforhighqualityanduniqueproductsisonlyexceededbyourexcellentreputationinthemarketplace. Althoughweareknownforourlipids,weareMorethanLipids.Weoffersolutionsfortheentireproductcycle…ResearchtoCommercialization. AvantiPolarLipids公司的主要产品和服务包括:(1)ResearchProductsHighestPurityLipidReagents(2)cGMPManufacturingAPI&ContractManufacturing(3)AdjuvantsImmunotherapy&VaccineDevelopment(4)AnalyticalServicesLipidAnalysis(5)LipidomicsMassSpecStandards,Antibodies&LipidToolbox(6)Formulationsliposomes&Nanoparticles(7)EquipmentLiposomeProductionTools(8)CustomServicesSynthesis&Beyond
AvantiPolarLipids是美国著名的磷脂类产品的生产商,该公司主要为各种制药厂和研究机构提供从毫克级到公斤级乃至吨级的磷脂类和甾体类中间体和试剂。为世界范围内的研究机构和制药公司提供1000种以上脂类产品,由于其产品的高纯度而享誉全球。40年来,AvantiPolarLipids公司为世界各地的研究人员和制药公司提供脂类产品。公司的产品不仅范围日益扩大,其纯度之高也是无人能及。
AvantiPolarLipidsInc,是美国著名的磷脂类产品的生产商,该公司主要为各种制药厂和研究机构提供从毫克级到公斤级乃至百公斤级的磷脂类和甾体类中间体和试剂。主要产品Naturalsphingolipids天然鞘脂类Naturalphospholipids天然磷脂类Naturallipidsbyextraction天然提取脂类Referencestandards相关标准品Syntheticsphingolipids合成鞘脂类--Sphingosines&S-1-P鞘氨醇和鞘氨醇-1-磷酸盐--Ceramides神经酰胺--Sphingomyelins鞘磷脂--Sphingosine&ceramidederivatives鞘氨醇及神经酰胺衍生物--Sphinganine&derivatives鞘氨醇及其衍生物--C17sphingolipids十七碳鞘脂类--C20sphingolipids二十碳鞘脂类--Phytosphingosine&derivatives植物鞘氨醇及其衍生物Syntheticlipids&phospholipids合成脂质与磷脂--PC卵磷脂--PA磷脂酸--PE脑磷脂--PG磷脂酰甘油--PS磷脂酰丝氨酸--PI,PIP2&PIP3磷脂酰肌醇,磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸,磷脂酰-3,4,5-三磷酸--CA胆酸--LysoPC溶源性卵磷脂--LysoPA溶源性磷脂酸--LysoPAAnalogues溶源性磷脂酸类似物--Lysobio-PA溶源性双磷脂酸--LysoPE,PG&PS溶源性脑磷脂,磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰丝氨酸--AlkylPC烷基卵磷脂--Diether&Diphytanoyletherlipids二醚与二植烷醚脂质--PAF血小板活化因子--AcylPAFAnalog酰化血小板活化因子类似物--Brominatedphosphocholines溴代胆碱磷酸--Alkylphosphatederivatives烷基磷酸盐衍生物--Plasmalogen缩醛磷脂--Functionalizedlipids功能性脂类--Biotinylatedlipids生物素酰化脂质--Bioactivelipids生物活性脂类Syntheticphospholipids合成磷酸--AcylcoenzymeA乙酰辅酶A--Metabolicintermediates代谢中间产物--Adhesivelipid粘合脂质--pHsensitivelipids酸度计用脂质Transfectionreagents转染试剂Sterolderivatives甾酮衍生物Lipidblends混合脂质Glycosylatedphospholipids糖化磷脂Fluorinatedphospholipids氟化磷脂Chelators螯合剂Pre-mixedlipidsforbicelleformation构型分析用预混合脂质Diacylglycerols&analogues甘油二酯与类似物Deuteriumlabeledlipids氘标记脂质C13PC碳-13标记卵磷脂DoxylPC自旋标记卵磷脂TempoPCTempo(4-氧-4-羟-四甲基呱啶氮氧自由基)标记卵磷脂Fluoresecentsphingolipids荧光标记鞘脂类--Omegalabeled欧米加标记物--Fattyacidlabeled脂肪酸标记物Fluoresecentcholesterol荧光标记胆固醇Fluoresecentphospholipids荧光标记磷脂--Fattyacidlabeled脂肪酸标记物--Headgrouplabeled首基标记物Polymerizablelipids聚合脂质Poly(Ethyleneglycol)-lipidconjugates共轭聚脂质FunctionalizedPEGlipids功能PEG脂质Analyticalservices分析服务Drugdeliveryproduct药物运送载体Bulklipidsforpharmaceuticalproduction工业级脂质Equipment设备
ebiomall.com
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后来加PEG沉淀效果很好,上清夜很清,但是不知道会不会对后期测效价,纯化等有影响。
有没有别的简便方法可以去除脂类?
哪位高手指教一下,感激不尽。
脂质(Lipids)又称脂类,是脂肪及类脂的总称.这是一类不溶于水而易溶于脂肪溶剂(醇、醚、氯仿、苯)等非极性有机溶剂。并能为机体利用的重要有机化合物。脂质包括的范围广泛,其分类方法亦有多种。通常根据脂质的主要组成成分分为:简单脂质、复合脂质、衍生脂质、不皂化脂类。
基本介绍
不溶于水而能被乙醚、氯仿、苯等非极性有机溶剂抽提出的化合物,统称脂类。
脂类包括油脂(甘油三酯)和类脂(磷脂、蜡、萜类、甾类)。
脂类是机体内的一类有机小分子物质,它包括范围很广,其化学结构有很大差异,生理功能各不相同,其共同物理性质是不溶于水而溶于有机溶剂,在水中可相互聚集形成内部疏水的聚集体(如右图)。
脂类是油、脂肪、类脂的总称。食物中的油脂主要是油和脂肪,一般把常温下是液体的称作油,而把常温下是固体的称作脂肪.
固醇(sterol) 又称甾醇。类固醇的一种。固醇类化合物广泛分布于生物界。用碱性溶液提取动植物组织中的脂类,其中常有多少不等的、不能为碱所皂化的物质,它们均以环戊烷多氢菲为基本结构,并含有醇基,故称为固醇类化合物。胆固醇是高等动物细胞的重要组分。它与长链脂肪酸形成的胆固醇酯是血浆脂蛋白及细胞膜的重要组分。植物细胞膜则含有其它固醇如豆固醇及谷固醇。真菌和酵母则含有菌固醇。胆固醇是动物组织中其它固醇类化合物如胆汁醇、性激素、肾上腺皮质激素、维生素D3等的前体。
细胞分子生物学 (Cellular and Molecular Biology, http://www.cellmolbiol.com/), 影响因子为1.46, 现征集脂类信号通路方面的稿件。该杂志为open-access, 但该专刊所收录稿件为免费发表。稿件审稿由作者负责,联系两位审稿人,其中一位必须来自美国,根据审稿人的意见,作者对稿件进行修改,待审稿人确认稿件完成修改后,作者将稿件及审稿人意见上传至编辑部审核后发表。该专刊将在下个月中旬释放到网上发表。如感兴趣,请邮件联系, 以便将邀请函及相关材料发给您。
脂质的生物学功能有1、脂肪氧化分解释放能量
2、复合脂质和衍生脂质是构成细胞的成分
3、促进脂性维生素的吸收
4、脂肪防震和隔热保温作用
5、脂肪的氧化利用具有降低蛋白质和糖消耗的作用
各种食物,无论是动物性的或是植物性的,都含有脂肪,只不过含量有多有少。
各类食物脂肪含量比较少,约含0.3~3.2%。但玉米和小米可达4%,而且约大部分的脂肪是集中在谷胚中。例如,小麦粒的脂肪含量约为1.5%,而小麦的谷胚中则含14%。在稻谷加工成大米时,可得到占稻谷总重5~6.5%的米糠。玉米提胚制粉时,一般可得到占玉米重量4~8%的玉米胚。米糠含有较多的脂肪,其含量与大豆相当。米糠油是优质食用油,不饱和脂肪酸占80%左右,还含有维生素B1、B2、E及磷脂等。米糠油不仅营养丰富,人体的吸收率也较高,一般可达92~94%。经研究表明,米糠油具有降低人体血清胆固醇的作用。玉米胚的特点是富含脂肪,可作为良好的食用油。玉米胚油是优质食用油,可作凉拌用。它含不饱和脂肪酸85%以上,亚油酸占47.8%。人体吸收率可达97%以上。实验证实食用玉米胚油可降低人体血胆固醇的含量,对冠心病有一定预防效果。玉米胚油中还含有较丰富的维生素E,每100g油中约含10mg。因此,玉米胚油不易氧化,性质稳定,耐储存。维生素E对人体亦有重要的营养意义。这两种油都是近年来开辟的食用油新资源。
常用的蔬菜类脂肪含量则更少,绝大部分都在1%以下。但是一些油料植物种籽、硬果及黄豆中的脂肪量却很丰富(表3-4)。因此,人们常利用其中一些油作为烹调用油,如豆油、花生油、菜籽油、芝麻油等。
表3-4植物种籽和硬果中的脂肪含量
食物名称脂肪含量(%)食物名称脂肪含量(%)
黄豆18花生仁30~39
芥茉28~37香榧子44
大麻31~38落花生48
亚麻29~45榛子49
芝麻47杏仁47~52
葵花子44~54松子63
可可55核桃仁63~69
动物性食物中含脂肪最多的是肥肉和骨髓,高达90%,其次是肾脏和心脏周围的脂肪组织、肠系膜等。这些动物性脂肪,如猪油、牛油、羊油、禽油等亦常被用作烹调或食物用。动物内脏的脂肪含量并不很高,大部分都在10%以下。在各种乳中,脂肪含量随动物的种类、栖居地的气候以及营养情况而定。鱼类含的脂肪量差别较大,低的像大黄鱼只有0.8%,高的像鲥鱼达17%。近年来,发现有些海产鱼油中含有高量的廿碳五烯酸和廿二碳六烯酸。这两种脂肪酸具有扩张血管、降低血脂、抑制血小板聚集、降血压等作用,可以防止脑血栓、心肌梗塞、高血压等老年病(13)。
亚油酸的最好食物来源是植物油类(表3-5),但常吃的植物油中,菜油和茶油中的亚油酸含量比其它植物油少。小麦胚芽油中含量很高,1g油中含亚油酸502mg,同时还含亚麻酸57mg,在国内外已列入健康食品的行列。动物脂肪中亚油酸含量一般比植物油低,但相对说来,猪油的含量比牛、羊油多,而禽类油又比猪油高。鸡蛋内的含量亦不少,达13%。动物内脏含量高于肌肉,而肉类中亦以禽肉比猪、牛、羊肉的含量丰富。瘦猪肉却比肥肉含量高。
植物性食物不含胆固醇,而含植物固醇。胆固醇只存在于动物性食物中。一些常用食物中胆固醇的含量列于表3-6。
表3-5食物中亚油酸含量(脂肪总量的%)
食物名称含量食物名称含量食物名称含量
棉子油55.6牛油3.9鸡肉24.2
豆油52.2羊油2.0鸭肉22.8
小麦胚芽油50.2鸡油24.7猪心24.4
玉米胚油47.8鸭油19.5猪肝15.0
芝麻油43.7黄油3.6猪肾16.8
花生油37.6瘦猪肉13.6猪肠14.9
米糠油34.0肥猪肉8.1羊心13.4
菜子油14.2牛肉5.8鸡蛋粉13.0
茶油7.4羊肉9.2鲤鱼16.4
猪油6.3兔肉20.9鲫鱼6.9
从表3-6的数值看来,几种兽肉中胆固醇的含量大致相近,而肥肉则比瘦肉高。内脏则更高,脑中的含量特别多,竟达3100mg%。蛋类的含量亦不低,一个蛋的含量就约有300多mg。鱼类除少数外,一般和瘦肉的含量差不多,不过罐头凤尾鱼的含量不低。小白虾的胆固醇含量虽不高,但虾米、虾皮的含量却高出10倍多。脱脂奶粉比全脂奶粉低4倍。海蜇的含量很少,而海参则根本没有。
所有的动物均含有卵磷脂,但富含于脑、心、肾、骨髓、肝、卵黄、大豆中。脑磷脂和卵磷脂并存于各组织中,而神经组织内含量比较高。脑和神经组织含神经磷脂特别多。
2脂类的营养价值
脂类营养价值的评价主要以下列四点为标准:
(1)消化率在正常情况下,一般脂类都是容易消化和吸收的。婴儿膳食中的乳脂。吸收最为迅速。食草动物的体脂,含硬脂酸多,较难消化。植物油的消化率相当高。中碳链脂肪酸容易水解、吸收和运输,所以,临床上常用于某些肠道吸收不良的病入。
(2)必需脂肪酸的含量多烯不饱和脂肪酸的亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生四烯酸,人体均不能合成,故称为必需脂肪酸。亚油酸在人体内能转变为亚麻酸和花生四烯酸。故不饱和脂肪酸中最为重要的是亚油酸及其含量。亚油酸能明显降低血胆固醇,而饱和脂肪酸却显著增高血胆固醇。
表3-6常用食物中胆固醇含量(mg/100g-1)
食物名称含量食物名称含量食物名称含量
猪肉(瘦)77脱脂奶粉28风尾鱼(罐头)330
猪肉(肥)107全脂奶粉104墨斗鱼275
猪心158鸭蛋634小白虾54
猪肚159松花蛋649对虾150
猪肝368鸡蛋680青虾158
猪肾405鲳鱼68虾皮608
猪脑3100大黄鱼79小虾米738
牛肉(瘦)63草鱼83海参0
牛肉(肥)194鲫鱼83海蜇头5
羊肉(瘦)65麻哈鱼86海蜇皮16
羊肉(肥)173鲫鱼93猪油85
鸭肉101带鱼97牛油89
鸡肉117梭鱼128奶油168
牛奶13鳗鲡186黄油295
(3)脂溶性维生素的含量脂溶性维生素为A、D、E、K。维生素A和D存在于多数食物的脂肪中,以鲨鱼肝油的含量为最多,奶油次之,猪油内不含维生素A和D,所以营养价值较低。
维生素E广泛分布于动植物组织内,其中以植物油类含量最高。每克麦胚油中高达1194ug,而鸡蛋内仅含11ug。
(4)脂类的稳定性稳定性的大小与不饱和脂肪酸的多少和维生素E含量有关。不饱和脂肪酸是不稳定的,容易氧化酸败。维生素E有抗氧化作用,可防止脂类酸败。
奶油的营养价值很高,就是因为它含有维生素A和D。同时,它所含的脂肪酸种类亦完全,而且多是低级脂肪酸,消化率很高。猪油的消化率虽与奶油相等,但它不含有维生素,且其脂肪酸主要为油酸,故其营养价值与奶油相比,相差很多。牛、羊脂肪则更差。植物油多为液体,其消化率均相当高,所含脂肪酸亦相当完全,而且不含胆固醇,且亚油酸的含量却很多,可以防止高脂血症和冠心病,虽然多不饱和脂肪酸易在体内形成过氧化脂质,但维生素E有保护作用。而植物油中维生素E含量很丰富,例如,每g花生油含维生素E189ug,菜籽油236ug,麦胚油高达1194ug,而猪油中仅有12ug。因此,植物油有其独特的营养价值,宜于中老年人使用。同时,稳定性强,不易酸败。
3食用油脂在烹调中的作用
通常所用的食用植物油有豆油、花生油、菜籽油、芝麻油、棉籽油、茶籽油、葵花籽油、米糠油及玉米油等。除椰子油外,其它植物油中饱和脂肪酸含量少,多不饱和脂肪酸含量高,对防止高脂血症和冠心病有一定的益处。
食用动物油脂中猪油的熔点低,易为人体吸收,并有良好的口味和色泽,它是普遍使用的食用油。但猪油含饱和脂肪酸高,故中老年人宜少用。牛油和羊油的熔点高于人体的体温,不易消化吸收,且山羊油有膻味,在烹调中很少使用。
实用油脂在烹调中应用广泛,是烹调菜肴不可缺少的原料。油脂不仅能增加菜肴的色泽、口味、促进食欲,而且由于食用油脂的沸点很高,加热后容易得到高温,所以能加快烹调的速度,缩短食物的成熟时间,使原料保持鲜嫩。食用油脂还用于食品工业,生产糕点等。
高温加热可使油脂中的维生素A、E和胡萝卜素等遭受破坏。油脂中的不饱和脂肪酸经加热能产生各种聚合物,其中的二聚体可被人体吸收一部分,它的毒性较强,可使动物生长停滞、肝脏肿大、生育功能和肝功能障碍,甚至可能有致癌作用。不过在一般烹调过程中,油脂加热的温度不高,时间亦短,对营养价值的影响和聚合物的形成不很明显。但在食品工业中油炸食物时,油脂长期反复使用,加热温度又高,有可能降低营养价值和生成聚合物。因此,应尽量避免温度过高,减少反复使用的次数,或加入较多的新油,防止聚合物的形成。
2、脂类是油、脂肪、类脂的总称.食物中的油脂主要是油和脂肪,一般把常温下是液体的称作油,而把常温下是固体的称作脂肪.
3、脂肪是由甘油和脂肪酸组成的三酰甘油酯,其中甘油的分子比较简单,而脂肪酸的种类和长短却不相同.因此脂肪的性质和特点主要取决于脂肪酸,不同食物中的脂肪所含有的脂肪酸种类和含量不一样.自然界有40多种脂肪酸,因此可形成多种脂肪酸甘油三酯.脂肪酸一般由4个到24个碳原子组成.
有些是类固醇化合物(甾体激素),有些事脂肪酸衍生物
类固醇激素例如:肾上腺皮质激素、性激素等。
脂肪酸衍生物例如:前列腺素等。