Product Specifications:
Item#1009: Recombinant p31 HIV-1
Concentration: See vial
Mass/vial: 100ug
Volume/vial: See vial
Diluent: PBS, 0.05% Sarcosyl
Purity: >95%
Stabilizer: None
Preservative: None
Storage: -75°C
Physical State: Frozen Liquid
Stability: Minimum 12 months at -75°C
Application: ELISA, Western ELISA, Immunological Studies, Drug Screening.
Description: Full length HIV-1 endonuclese (p31) expressed in the the E.coli expression system.
Purification: This protein is purified by solvent extraction and preparative electrophoresis to >98% purity, as determined by SDS-PAGE, reduced.
Approx. Molecular Weight: 36kD.
Specificity: This protein binds to human anti-protease polyclonal antibodies and murine monoclonal antibodies as determined ELISA and Western ELISA
Biological Activity: Not determined.
Application and Instructions for use
Recommended concentrations for use are approximate values. A dose dependent response assay should be performed to determine the optimal concentration for use in specific applications. ELISA and Western ELISA require 10-100ng protein depending on the nature and affinity of the test antibody.
Glossary
Gene and Gene Products
Structural Proteins: Structural proteins – the products of gag, pol and env genes, which are essential components of the retroviral particle.
Regulatory Proteins: Regulatory proteins – tat and rev proteins of HIV/SIV and tax and rex proteins of HTLVs; essential for viral expression in infected cells.
Accessory Proteins: Accessory proteins – additional (non-regulatory) virion – and non virion-associated proteins produced by HIV/SIV retroviruses: vif, vpr, vpu, vpx, and nef. Although, the accessory proteins are not necessary for viral propagation in tissue culture, they have been conserved in the different isolates; this conservation and experimental observations suggest that their role in vivo is very important.
gag
gag – group-sepecifc antigens or capsid proteins; the precursor is the p55 myristoylated protein, which is processed to p17 (Matrix) p24 (Capsid) and p7 (NucleoCapsid) proteins by the viral protease. Other small proteins are generated from the gag polyprotein.
pol
pol – (p66) generates the viral enzymes protease (p11), reverse transcriptase (p51), endonuclease and integrase (p32) after the processing of a gag-pol precursor polyprotein by the viral protease; gag-pol precursor is produced by ribosome frameshifting.
env
env – viral glycoproteins produced as a precursor (gp160) and processed to the external glycoprotein (gp120) and the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41). The mature proteins are held together by noncovalent interactions; as a result substantial amount of gp120 is released extracellularly. The external glycoprotein (gp120) contains the binding site for the CD4 receptor.
tat
tat – transactivator of HIV gene expression; one of the two necessary viral regulatory factors (tat and rev) for HIV gene expression. Two forms are known, tat-1 exon (minor form) of 72 amino acids, and tat-2 exon (major form) of 86 amino acids. The electrophoretic mobility of these two forms in SDS gels is anomalous; they are approximately 16 kD and 14 kD in weight. Low levels of both proteins are found in persistently infected cells. tat is localized primarily in the nucleolus/nucleus; it acts by binding to the TAR RNA element and activating transcription from the LTR promoter. Post-transcriptional effects of tat have been postulated.
rev
rev – the second necessary regulatory factor for HIV expression. A 19 kD phosphoprotein localized primarily in the nucleolus/nucleus, rev acts by binding to RRE and promoting the nuclear export, stabilization and utilization of the viral mRNAs containing RRE.
vif
vif – viral infectivity factor, typically 23 kD; required for the efficient transmission of cell-free virus in tissue culture. In the absence of vif, the produced viral particles are defective, while the cell-to-cell transmission of virus is not affected significantly. It has been reported that the cellular localization is in the Golgi (vif is not found in the virion).
nef
nef – approximately 27 kD non-virion protein found in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Potentially myristoylated and associated with the inner plasma membrane. One of the first HIV proteins to be produced in the infected cells, it is the most immunogenic of the accessory proteins and may be used in the future for diagnosis and staging of the disease. NEF is dispensable and probably suffers counter-selection during ex vivo viral propagation in vivo. Recent evidence suggests that SIV nef is required for viral propagation in vivo.
vpr
vpr – virion-associated protein of unknown function found in HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVmac, and SIVmnd; typically 15 kD. May be homologous to vpx. Also called “rap” for rapid.
vpu
vpu – protein that promotes extracellular release of viral particles. Found only in HIV-1. Integral membrane phosphoprotein of 16kd; similar to M2 protein of influenza virus. It may be involved in env maturation. It is not found in the virion.
vpx
vpx – virion protein of 12 kD found only in HIV-2 infection. (vpx may have some homology with vpr).
Related research paper:
ebiomall.com
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1.体内储存和提供能量（体内1克脂肪产生的能量大约9千卡）
2.维持体温正常（皮下脂肪还可以起到隔热保温作用）
3.保护作用（脂肪组织在体内对器官有支撑和衬垫作用，保护内部器官免受外力伤害）
4.内分泌作用（由脂肪分泌的银子有瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素-6、脂联素及抵抗素等参与机体代谢、免疫、生长发育等生理过程）
5.帮助机体更有效低利用碳水化合物和节约蛋白质作用（节约蛋白质作用）
6.机体重要的构成成分（比如细胞膜脂质双分子层）
食物中的脂肪营功能：
除给人体提供能量和脂肪合成材料外，还有营养学功能：增加饱腹感；改善食物感官性状；提供脂溶性维生素。此外为人体提供必需脂肪酸。
缺乏时的症状：
一般情况不会有单纯的脂肪缺乏，除非像非洲难民似的遭遇饥荒（其实是很多食物的匮乏导致的结果）。脂肪缺乏表现为消瘦，怕冷，免疫力低下，生长发育缓慢等。
必需脂肪酸缺乏症状供参考：生长迟缓、生殖障碍、皮肤损伤（出现皮疹等）以及肾脏、肝脏、神经和视觉方面多种疾病。
脂肪的来源：动物的脂肪组织和肉类以及植物的种子。
脂质的生物学功能有1、脂肪氧化分解释放能量
2、复合脂质和衍生脂质是构成细胞的成分
3、促进脂性维生素的吸收
4、脂肪防震和隔热保温作用
5、脂肪的氧化利用具有降低蛋白质和糖消耗的作用
后来加PEG沉淀效果很好，上清夜很清，但是不知道会不会对后期测效价，纯化等有影响。
有没有别的简便方法可以去除脂类？
哪位高手指教一下，感激不尽。
2、脂类是油、脂肪、类脂的总称.食物中的油脂主要是油和脂肪,一般把常温下是液体的称作油,而把常温下是固体的称作脂肪.
3、脂肪是由甘油和脂肪酸组成的三酰甘油酯,其中甘油的分子比较简单,而脂肪酸的种类和长短却不相同.因此脂肪的性质和特点主要取决于脂肪酸,不同食物中的脂肪所含有的脂肪酸种类和含量不一样.自然界有40多种脂肪酸,因此可形成多种脂肪酸甘油三酯.脂肪酸一般由4个到24个碳原子组成.
脂类，由脂肪酸和醇作用生成的酯及其衍生物统称为脂类，这是一类一般不溶于水而溶于脂溶性溶剂的化合物。
脂肪：存在于人体和动物的皮下组织及植物体中，是生物体的组成部分和储能物质。
脂类所指代的一类物质较脂肪更广。而酯类则是从化学角度来看物质世界，有不少是化工原料。有些酯类是脂肪的构成成分。
如上所述，脂类包括脂肪酸（多是4碳以上的长链一元羧酸）和醇（包括甘油醇、硝氨醇、高级一元醇和固醇）等所组成的酯类及其衍生物。包括单纯脂类、复合酯类及衍生脂质。
脂肪是指人体或动物体内的、由一分子甘油和三分子脂肪酸结合而成的甘油三酯。
酯类是指酸（羧酸或无机含氧酸）与醇起反应生成的一类有机化合物。低分子量酯是无色、易挥发的芳香液体，如：如乙酸乙酯CH3COOC2H5、乙酸苯酯CH3COOC6H5、苯甲酸甲酯C6H5COOCH3等；高级饱和脂肪酸单酯常为无色无味的固体，高级脂肪酸与高级脂肪醇形成的酯为蜡状固体。所以，酯类与脂类不可替代使用。
细胞分子生物学 （Cellular and Molecular Biology, http://www.cellmolbiol.com/）, 影响因子为1.46, 现征集脂类信号通路方面的稿件。该杂志为open-access, 但该专刊所收录稿件为免费发表。稿件审稿由作者负责，联系两位审稿人，其中一位必须来自美国，根据审稿人的意见，作者对稿件进行修改，待审稿人确认稿件完成修改后，作者将稿件及审稿人意见上传至编辑部审核后发表。该专刊将在下个月中旬释放到网上发表。如感兴趣，请邮件联系， 以便将邀请函及相关材料发给您。
脂质(Lipids)又称脂类,是脂肪及类脂的总称.这是一类不溶于水而易溶于脂肪溶剂(醇、醚、氯仿、苯)等非极性有机溶剂。并能为机体利用的重要有机化合物。脂质包括的范围广泛，其分类方法亦有多种。通常根据脂质的主要组成成分分为：简单脂质、复合脂质、衍生脂质、不皂化脂类。
基本介绍
不溶于水而能被乙醚、氯仿、苯等非极性有机溶剂抽提出的化合物，统称脂类。
脂类包括油脂（甘油三酯）和类脂（磷脂、蜡、萜类、甾类）。
脂类是机体内的一类有机小分子物质，它包括范围很广，其化学结构有很大差异，生理功能各不相同，其共同物理性质是不溶于水而溶于有机溶剂，在水中可相互聚集形成内部疏水的聚集体（如右图）。
脂类是油、脂肪、类脂的总称。食物中的油脂主要是油和脂肪，一般把常温下是液体的称作油，而把常温下是固体的称作脂肪.
固醇（sterol） 又称甾醇。类固醇的一种。固醇类化合物广泛分布于生物界。用碱性溶液提取动植物组织中的脂类，其中常有多少不等的、不能为碱所皂化的物质，它们均以环戊烷多氢菲为基本结构，并含有醇基，故称为固醇类化合物。胆固醇是高等动物细胞的重要组分。它与长链脂肪酸形成的胆固醇酯是血浆脂蛋白及细胞膜的重要组分。植物细胞膜则含有其它固醇如豆固醇及谷固醇。真菌和酵母则含有菌固醇。胆固醇是动物组织中其它固醇类化合物如胆汁醇、性激素、肾上腺皮质激素、维生素D3等的前体。
