
- Species ReactivityHuman, Mouse
- SpecificityDetects human MIF in direct ELISA and Western Blots.
- SourceMonoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 932612
- PurificationProtein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant
- ImmunogenE. coli-derived recombinant human MIF
Met1-Phe114
Accession # P14174 - FormulationLyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
- LabelUnconjugated
- Western Blot2 µg/mLSee below
- Immunohistochemistry8-25 µg/mLSee below
- ReconstitutionReconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
- ShippingThe product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C
- Stability & StorageUse a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- Norand, E.F. and M. Leech (2005) Front. Biosci. 10:12.
- Donn, R.P. and D.W. Ray (2004) J. Endocrinol. 182:1.
- Calandra, T. and T. Roger (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:791.
- Kozak, C.A. et al. (1995) Genomics 27:405.
- Weiser, W.Y. et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:7522.
- Paralkar, V. and G. Wistow (1994) Genomics 19:48.
- Wistow, G.J. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:1272.
- Flieger, O. et al. (2003) FEBS Lett. 551:78.
- Philo, J.S. et al. (2004) Biophys. Chem. 108:77.
- Sun, H-W. et al. (1996) Protein Eng. 9:631.
- Stamps, S.L. et. al. (2000) Biochemistry 39:9671.
- Nguyen, M.T. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:33654.
- Sato, A. et al. (2003) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 27:401.
- Bernhagen, J. et al. (1994) Biochemistry 33:14144.
- Leng, L. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 197:1467.
- Meyer-Siegler, K.L. and P.L. Vera (2005) J. Urol. 173:615.
- Long Name:Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
- Entrez Gene IDs:4282 (Human); 17319 (Mouse)
- Alternate Names:EC 5.3.2.1; EC 5.3.3.12; GIFmacrophage migration inhibitory factor; GLIF; Glycosylation-inhibiting factor; L-dopachrome isomerase; L-dopachrome tautomerase; macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor); MIF; MMIF; Phenylpyruvate tautomerase
Background:
MIF (or macrophage migration inhibitory factor) was the first lymphokine/cytokine to be recognized in the pregenomics era (1, 2). Regardless, it is one of the least understood of all inflammatory mediators (1, 3). Human MIF is a 12.5 kDa, 115 amino acid (aa) nonglycosylated polypeptide that is synthesized without a signal sequence (4 - 7). Secretion occurs nonclassically via an ABCA1 transporter (8). The initiating Met is removed, leaving Pro as the first amino acid. The molecule consists of twoalpha -helices and sixbeta -strands, four of which form abeta -sheet. The two remainingbeta -strands interact with other MIF molecules, creating a trimer (2, 9, 10). Structure-function studies suggest MIF is bifunctional with segregated topology. The N- and C-termini mediate enzyme activity (in theory). Phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity (enol-to-keto) has been demonstrated and is dependent upon Pro at position #1 (11). Amino acids 50 - 65 have also been suggested to contain thiol-protein oxidoreductase activity (12). MIF has proinflammatory cytokine activity centered around aa’s 49 - 65. On fibroblasts, MIF induces, IL-1, IL-8 and MMP expression; on macrophages, MIF stimulates NO production and TNF-alpharelease following IFN-gammaactivation (13, 14). MIF apparently acts through CD74 and CD44, likely in some form of trimeric interaction (15, 16). Human MIF is active on mouse cells (14). Human MIF is 90%, 94%, 95%, and 90% aa identical to mouse, bovine, porcine and rat MIF, respectively.
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