| Formulation | 50%glycerol/water(v/v) |
| Storage | -20°C |
| Purity | >95%bySDS-PAGE |
| ActivityDetermination | Fibrinogenclottingorchromogenicassay |
| ShelfLife(properlystored) | 12months |
Theserineproteaseα-thrombinisproducedbyproteolyticactivationofthezymogen,prothrombin.Theenzymecomplex,prothrombinase,catalyzestheproteolysisoftwopeptidebondsinprothrombin,whichgivesrisetoanNH2-terminalderivedF1.2regionandtheheterodimer,α-thrombin.Alpha-thrombiniscomposedofan"A"chain(Mr=6000)whichiscovalentlylinkedtoa"B"chain(Mr=31,000)throughasingledisulfidebond.
SampleGelInformation:
| Gel | Novex4-12%Bis-Tris |
|---|---|
| Load | HumanBeta&GammaThrombin,1µgperlane |
| Buffer | MES |
| Standard | SeeBluePlus2;Myosin(188kDa),PhosphorylaseB(98kDa),BSA(62kDa),GlutamicDehydrogenase(49kDa),AlcoholDehydrogenase(38kDa),CarbonicAnhydrase(28kDa),MyoglobinRed(17kDa),Lysozyme(14kDa),Aprotinin(6kDa),Insulin,Bchain(3kDa). |
Overview:
Alpha-thrombinisahighlyspecificserineproteasegeneratedbyproteolyticactivationofthezymogenprothrombin(1).Duringcoagulation,thrombincleavesfibrinogentoformfibrin,leADIngtotheultimatestepincoagulation,theformationofafibrinclot.ThrombinisalsoresponsIBLeforfeedbackactivationoftheprocofactorsfactorVandfactorVIII.ThrombinhasalsobeenreportedtoactivatefactorXIIIandplatelets,andalsofunctionsasavasoconstrictorprotein.Theprocoagulantactivityofthrombinisarrestedintwoways:1)inhibitionbyeitherheparincofactorIIortheantithrombinIII/heparincomplex;or2)complexformationwiththrombomodulin.Formationofthethrombin/thrombomodulincomplexresultsintheinABIlityofthrombintocleavefibrinogenandactivatefactorsVandVIII,butincreasestheefficiencyofthrombinforactivationoftheanticoagulant,proteinC.
ThrombinisatwochainenzymecomposedofanNH2-terminal"A"chain(Mr=6,000)andaCOOH-terminal"B"chain(Mr=31,000)whichremaincovalentlyassociatedthroughasingledisulfidebond.Humanthrombinis13aminoacidsshorterthanthebovinethrombinduetoathrombincleavagesiteonthehumanproteinthatisnotpresentinthebovineprotein.
Thrombinisalsoutilizedforsitespecificcleavageoffusionproteinsexpressedinbacteria(9-11).Athrombinsensitivesiteisincorporatedbetweentherecombinantproteinofinterestandpeptidesorproteinswhichfacilitatepurificationand/orexpression.Thetargetproteinisreleasedfromtheexpressedhybridbycleavagewiththrombin.Thrombincanthenbeeasilyremovedbyaffinitychromatography.
Human,bovineandmousethrombinarepreparedfrompurifiedprothrombinusingamodificationoftheLundbladprocedure(1)asdescribedbyNesheimetal.(2).Thrombinissuppliedin50%(vol/vol)glycerol/H2Oandshouldbestoredat-20oC.PurityisdeterminedbySDS-PAGEanalysisandactivityismeasuredinathrombinspecificclottingassay,andcomparedtostandardizedNIHthrombin.ThrombinisalsoavailablewiththeactivesiteblockedwitheitherDFP,FPRck,orbiotinlyatedFPRck.
CleavageofFusionProteins
Inadditiontoitsbroadapplicationincoagulationresearchthrombincanbeusedforsitespecificcleavageoffusionproteins.Athrombinsensitivesiteisincorporatedbetweentherecombinantproteinofinterestandpeptidesorproteinswhichfacilitatepurificationand/orexpression.Thetargetproteinisreleasedfromtheexpressedhybridbycleavagewiththrombin.Thrombincanthenbeeasilyremovedbyaffinitychromatography.Lottolotconsistencyensuresreproducibleresultseverytime.Forexperimentsinvolvingcellcultures,pleasecontactustodiscusscustom,lowendotoxinlotsdesignatedforcellcultureuse.
Properties:
| Localization | Plasma | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modeofaction | Serineproteasewhichcleavesfibrinogentoformfibrin;alsoresponsibleforactivationofproteinC,plateletactivationandfeedbackactivationoftheprocofactors,factorVandfactorVIII | |||||||
| Molecularweigh | 36,700(3-6) | |||||||
| Extinctioncoefficient |
| |||||||
| SpecificActivity | approximately3800NIHunits/mg | |||||||
| Isoelectricpoint | 7.0-7.6(human)(3) | |||||||
| Structure | twosubunits,approximatelyMr=6,000and31,000 | |||||||
| Percentcarbohydrate | approximately5% |
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通量PARP/凋亡分析试剂盒可广泛应用于1）检测原代、肿瘤等细胞的PARP活性；2）检测凋亡前后的PARP活性；3）利用细胞裂解液筛选PARP抑制剂。
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多重分析——一次分析可以检测16种干细胞相关的TF
定量比较——二个样本的差异可以定量分析和比较
步骤简单——探针温育、柱分离、板杂交和HRP检测
无需贵重仪器——无需如Luminex那样的贵重仪器
B.原理：
干细胞转录因子活性多重检测阵列试剂用于同时检测多种TF活性。该技术中，基于TFDNA结合位点的一致性序列，制备一系列生物素标记的探针。当探针混合物与核提取物一起温育时，每个探针寻找相应的TF，形成TF/探针复合物，通过柱离心纯化可以很容易与游离探针分开。结合的探针从混合物中分离出来，通过板杂交分析。板孔中预包被上与探针互补的特异序列，捕获的DNA探针进一步用链酶亲和素-HRP检测，化学发光检测仪测定发光强度（RLUs）。
