Type:ChickenIgY
Applications:IHC
E=ELISA;FACS;FC=FlowCytometry;FPLC=FastProteinLiquidChromatography;GF=GravityFlow;HPLC=HighPerformanceLiquidChromatography;ICC=Immunocytochemistry;IF=Immunofluorescence;IHC=Immunohistochemistry;IP=Immunoprecipitation;NAC=Non-adherentCellAssays;NB=NeutralizationofBioactivity;SE=SandwichELISA;TPE=TargetedProteinExpression;WB=Westernblotting;;AC=AdherentCellAssays;FM=FluorescentMicsroscopy;;;BSC-CM5=BiacoreSensorChipCM5;BSM=BiosactiveSmallMoleculeorPeptide;CDM=CellDifferentiationMedia;;;;;;HealthandFitness;;;DNAExtraction/Purification;;InvivoLikeAssaysSpeciesReactivity:H;M
B=Bovine;Ca=Cat;Ch=Chicken;D=Dog;EQ=Equine;GP=GuineaPig;H=Human;M=Mouse;P=Porcine;Pr=Primate;R=Rat;Rb=Rabbit;Y=Yeast;Xe=Xenopus;Ze=Zebrafish;;;;NA-NotApplicable;STP=Step-TactinProteins;AllFormat:AffinityPurified-liquid
Neurofilamentscanbedefinedastheintermediateor10nmfilamentsfoundinspecificallyinneuronalcells.Intheelectronmicroscopeneurofilamentsappearsas10nmdiameterfibresofindeterminatelengthwhichgenerallyhavefinewispyprotrusionsfromtheirsides.Theyarefoundparticularlyabundantlyinaxonsoflargeprojectionneurons.AntibodiestothevariousneurofilamentsubunitsareveryusefulcelltypeMarkerssincetheproteinsareamongthemostabundantofthenervoussystem,areexpressedonlyinneurons,andarebiochemicallyverystable.
Image:neonatalratcorticalneuronsculturedfor14-21days.
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NaturalProteinStopsDeadlyHumanBrainCancerInMice
ScientistsfromJohnsHopkinsandfromtheUniversityofMilanhaveeffectivelyproventhattheycaninhibitlethalhumanbraincancersinmiceusingaproteinthatselectivelyinducespositivechangesintheactivityofcellsthatbehavelikecancerstemcells.ThereportispublishedinNature.
Themostcommontypeofbraincancer-glioblastoma-ismarkedbythepresenceofthesestem-cell-likebraincells,which,insteadoftriggeringthereplacementofdamagedcells,formcancertissue.Stemcells,unlikeallothercellsinthebody,arecapableofformingalmostanykindofcellwhentheright"signals"triggertheirdevelopment.
Fortheirtreatmentexperiment,theresearchersreliedonaclassofproteins,bonemorphogenicproteins,thatcauseneuralstem-cell-likeclusterstolosetheirstemcellproperties,whichinturnstopstheirABIlitytodivide.
Firsttheypretreatedhumanglioblastomacellswithbonemorphogenicprotein4(BMP4),theninjectedthesetreatedcellsintomousebrains.Inmiceinjectedwithcellsthatwerenotpretreated,large,invasivecancersgrew.InthemicewithBMP4-treatedcells,nocancersgrewatall.Threetofourmonthsafterinjection,allmicethatgotuntreatedcellsdied,andnearlyallmicewithBMP4-treatedcellswerealive.
Next,thescientistsdeliveredslow-releaseBMP4-containing"beads"directlyintomousebrainswithimplantedglioblastomacells.Micethatgotemptybeadsdevelopedlargemalignanttumorsanddied.MicewithBMP4beadssurvivedmuchlonger,and80percentsurvivedfourmonthsaftercancercellimplants.
"OurideaistotreatpatientswithBMP4orsomethinglikeitrightaftersurgerytoremoveglioblastomainhopesofpreventingtheregrowthofthecancerandimprovingsurvivaltime,"saysAlessandroOlivi,M.D.,directoroftheDivisionofNeurosurgicalOncologyatHopkinsandacontributortothestudy.
OlivisaysclinicalstudiesusingBMP4couldbeginwithinayearand,ifsuccessful,drugtherapiescouldbeavailabletothepublicwithinthreetofouryears.
"ThiswasproofoftheideathatBMPscouldstopglioblastomabydepletingthestem-cell-likepopulationthatfeedsit,"saysHenryBrem,M.D.,chairmanoftheDepartmentofNeurosurgeryatHopkinsandacollaboratorinthestudy."Thisopensexcitingdoorstofutureresearchintotreatmentsandtherapiesforsuchadevastatingdisease."