Overview:
Tau-441orTau-FisamemberoftheTaufamilyofproteinswhichfunctiontostABIlizethemicrotubulesbybindingtothem.TauproteinsaresubjecttophosphorylationandthisphenomenonregulatestheassociationoftheTauproteinwiththemicrotubules(1).DepositsofAlzheimer"sdiseaseAD-associatedproteins,suchashyperphosphorylatedTau,aswellasothersharedmisfoldedproteins,suchas,β-amyloidprecursorprotein(βAPP),ubiquitin,andvariouschaperonesandproteinkinasesarethoughttoplayapathologicroleinthecognitivedeclineandmuscularfailure.MalfunctioningofTauproteinsisassociatedwithmicrotubulesdisintegrationandcollapsingoftheneuronaltransportsystem(2).
GeneAliases:
Tau-F,(N2R4),Tau-4,MAPT,MSTD,PPND,DDPAC,MAPTL,MTBT1,MTBT2,FTDP-17,FLJ31424,MGC138549
GenbankNumber:
P10636-8
References:
1.Zilka,N.,etal.TruncatedtaufromsporADIcAlzheimer"sdiseasesufficestodriveneurofibrillarydegenerationinvivo.FEBSLett.2006;508:3582-3588.2.Rial,A.etal:CalciumDyshomeostasisinβ-AmyloidandTau-bearingSkeletalMyotubes.J.Biol.Chem.,2004;279:3524-53532.
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NaturalProteinStopsDeadlyHumanBrainCancerInMice
ScientistsfromJohnsHopkinsandfromtheUniversityofMilanhaveeffectivelyproventhattheycaninhibitlethalhumanbraincancersinmiceusingaproteinthatselectivelyinducespositivechangesintheactivityofcellsthatbehavelikecancerstemcells.ThereportispublishedinNature.
Themostcommontypeofbraincancer-glioblastoma-ismarkedbythepresenceofthesestem-cell-likebraincells,which,insteadoftriggeringthereplacementofdamagedcells,formcancertissue.Stemcells,unlikeallothercellsinthebody,arecapableofformingalmostanykindofcellwhentheright"signals"triggertheirdevelopment.
Fortheirtreatmentexperiment,theresearchersreliedonaclassofproteins,bonemorphogenicproteins,thatcauseneuralstem-cell-likeclusterstolosetheirstemcellproperties,whichinturnstopstheirABIlitytodivide.
Firsttheypretreatedhumanglioblastomacellswithbonemorphogenicprotein4(BMP4),theninjectedthesetreatedcellsintomousebrains.Inmiceinjectedwithcellsthatwerenotpretreated,large,invasivecancersgrew.InthemicewithBMP4-treatedcells,nocancersgrewatall.Threetofourmonthsafterinjection,allmicethatgotuntreatedcellsdied,andnearlyallmicewithBMP4-treatedcellswerealive.
Next,thescientistsdeliveredslow-releaseBMP4-containing"beads"directlyintomousebrainswithimplantedglioblastomacells.Micethatgotemptybeadsdevelopedlargemalignanttumorsanddied.MicewithBMP4beadssurvivedmuchlonger,and80percentsurvivedfourmonthsaftercancercellimplants.
"OurideaistotreatpatientswithBMP4orsomethinglikeitrightaftersurgerytoremoveglioblastomainhopesofpreventingtheregrowthofthecancerandimprovingsurvivaltime,"saysAlessandroOlivi,M.D.,directoroftheDivisionofNeurosurgicalOncologyatHopkinsandacontributortothestudy.
OlivisaysclinicalstudiesusingBMP4couldbeginwithinayearand,ifsuccessful,drugtherapiescouldbeavailabletothepublicwithinthreetofouryears.
"ThiswasproofoftheideathatBMPscouldstopglioblastomabydepletingthestem-cell-likepopulationthatfeedsit,"saysHenryBrem,M.D.,chairmanoftheDepartmentofNeurosurgeryatHopkinsandacollaboratorinthestudy."Thisopensexcitingdoorstofutureresearchintotreatmentsandtherapiesforsuchadevastatingdisease."
算上其他生物24种
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